In black-sugar

Kimura, Y., H. Okua, N. Shoji, T. Taemto, and S. Arichi. Effects of nonsugar fraction in black sugar on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Part II. New compounds inhibiting elevation of plasma insulin. Planta Med 1984 1984(5) 469-473. 

The saturated heterocyclic rings are shown in black, and names for the most important ring types are given some (like piperidine, morpholine)you will need to remember others (tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolidine) are more obviously derived from the names for aromatic heterocycles that we wi II. discuss in the next chapter. Someef -these compounds (nicotine, coniine, cocaine) are plant products fall the class called alkaloids. Alkaloids are discussed in Chapter 51. Another important class of saturated heterocycles, sugars, will reappear rt Chapter 49. 

Soon the molecules of sugar begin to break down. The black residue shows that sugar is composed partly of carbon. The other atoms which had been tied up in the sugar molecule recombine, steam off, and condense in droplets which spill into a beaker. These drops prove to be water. 

Figure 9 Structure of the GPI anchor found in eukaryotes (phosphoethanolamine linker shown in red, phospholipid tail shown in black). Paulick and coworkers examined several truncated forms of the GPI anchor to examine the functional significance of the core glycan structure. These include structures replacing three (cyan), four (orange and cyan), or five (green, orange, and cyan) of the sugars in the conserved pentasaccharide structure with appropriate ethylene glycol spacers.

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