Plants spinach

Component E. colib (%) Green plant (spinach, Spinacia oleracea)c Rat liver3 (%)... 

U8. Zeevaart, J.A.D. "Effects of photoperiod on growth rate and endogenous gibberellins in the long-day rosette plant spinach." Plant Physiol., 1971, Vf, 821-827. 

It was pointed out previously that both bacterial and plant fer-redoxins are colored proteins in the oxidized state. Fig. 3 shows the visible and ultraviolet absorption spectra of a bacterial (C. pasteurianum) and plant (spinach) ferredoxin. Bacterial ferredoxin shows a single peak in the visible region at 390 m(r and a peak in the ultraviolet region at about 280 mp. with a shoulder at 300 mp. The relative height of the peak at 280 mp to the shoulder at 300 mp varies among preparations from different bacteria generally the peak at 280 mp predominates (Loven-berg, Buchanan, and Rabinowitz (65) Bachofen and Arnon (12)). Plant... 

Figures 1 and 2 show relationships among concentrations of U and selected major and trace elements in spinach leaves and petioles, respectively. It is noteworthy that concentrations of U in spinach were significantly positively correlated (p<0.01) with concentrations of Fe and A1 in both leaves and petioles. These relationships suggested that the absorption and transport processes of U in spinach could be related to those of Fe and Al, as was also suggested by Kametani et al. who showed that plants with higher Fe concentrations tended to absorb more U. Less U was extracted by 1 mol L ammonium acetate solution from soil (Table 2), meaning that U in soil was less available to plants. Spinach favours neutral-to-weak alkaline conditions and has the ability to acquire insoluble mineral nutrients such as Fe under neutral-to-alkaline conditions. Helal et al. compared spinach and beans with respect to the ability of the root to uptake Fe and found that spinach root absorbed Fe more efficiently. The differences in Cu, Zn, and Cd uptake by two spinach cultivars were attributed to different abilities to exude oxalate, citrate, and malate from root l The application of organic acids to soil facilitated the phytoextraction of U by hyperaccumulator plants thus, those root exudates could induce U dissolution from soil. Since part of U is associated with Fe and Al minerals in the soil it was likely that the absorption of U was accompanied by Fe and Al absorption, possibly triggered by the secretion of protons or organic acids to solubilise Fe and Al from soil.

Examples of plants Spinach, soybean, rice plant Sugar cane, corn, Japanese millet... 

The potassium or calcium salt form of oxaUc acid is distributed widely ia the plant kingdom. Its name is derived from the Greek o>ys, meaning sharp or acidic, referring to the acidity common ia the foflage of certain plants (notably Oxalis and Mmex) from which it was first isolated. Other plants ia which oxahc acid is found are spinach, rhubarb, etc. Oxahc acid is a product of metabohsm of fungi or bacteria and also occurs ia human and animal urine the calcium salt is a principal constituent of kidney stones. 

Wiest, S.C. Steponkus, P.L. (1978). Freeze-thaw injury to isolated spinach protoplasts and its simulabon at above freezing temperatures. Plant Physiol. 62,699-705. 

During the 1960s, research on proteins containing iron—sulfur clusters was closely related to the field of photosynthesis. Whereas the first ferredoxin, a 2[4Fe-4S] protein, was obtained in 1962 from the nonphotosynthetic bacterium Clostridium pasteurianum (1), in the same year, a plant-type [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin was isolated from spinach chloroplasts (2). Despite the fact that members of this latter class of protein have been reported for eubacteria and even archaebacteria (for a review, see Ref. (3)), the name plant-type ferredoxin is often used to denote this family of iron—sulfur proteins. The two decades... 

Downton, W.J.S., Grant, J.R. Robinson, S.P. (1985). Photosynthetic and stomatal response of spinach leaves to salt stress. Plant Physiology, 77, 85-8. 

Weigel, P., Lerma, C. Hanson, A.D. (1988). Choline oxidation by intact spinach chloroplasts. Plant Physiology, 86, 54-60. 

Pterins make no contributions to the colors of plants and microorganisms. One important pterin is the folate produced by plants and microorganisms. Folate and its derivatives are present in plants in various concentrations in mitochondria, cytosols, vacuoles, and plastids. The total amount of fohc acid depends on the plant species, on the developmental stage, and on external factors. Good sources of folates are beans, lentils, spinach, and wheat germ. ... 

Chlorophyll catabolism has been intensively studied in some plants, e.g., rape-seed, barley, spinach, tobacco, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Lolium temulentum, Liq-quidambar styraciflua and Arabidopsis thaliana, which present all NCC catabolites with similar basic structures. " This suggests a uniform breakdown of chlorophyll in which the oxidative opening of pheophorbide a seems to be a key step. Structural differences among the compounds have been related to at least six basic types of peripheral transformations. Some of them seem to operate either in sequence or in parallel, depending on the plant species, which caused the appearances of different... 

Despite the difficulties in extracting and identifying colorless catabolic products that are extremely labile and detectable only in trace amounts, several of the mysteries of chlorophyll catabolism have been revealed and about 14 non-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolytes (NCCs) from higher plants, mainly in senescent leaves, have been detected and analyzed structurally. Among them, NCCs from rapeseed (Bms-sica napus) from Liquidambar styraciflua, from Cercidiphyllum japonicum, five NCCs from degreened leaves of spinach Spinacia oleracea) and, more recently, two NCCs from tobacco Nicotiana rusticd) and five NCCs from Arabidopsis thaliana have been identified. 

The uptake and biotransformation of benzene from soil and the atmosphere has been studied in a nnmber of plants. It was shown that in leaves of spinach Spinacia oleraced) the label in -benzene was fonnd in mnconic, fnmaric, snccinic, malic, and oxalic acids, as well as in specific amino acids, and that an enzyme preparation in the presence of NADH or NADPH prodnced phenol (Ugrekhelidze et al. 1997). 

Use pattern Hymexazol is used for the control of soil-borne diseases for rice, sugar beet, spinach, pea, cucumber, watermelon, grass, etc. Applied as a soil drench or by soil incorporation and used as a seed dressing for sugar beet. Hymexazol also exhibits some plant growth stimulation activity. 

De Kok LJ, Rennenberg H, Kuiper PJC. 1991. The internal resistance in spinach leaves to atmospheric hydrogen sulfide deposition is determined by metabolic processes. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 29 463-470. 

Maas FM, De Kok LJ. 1988. In vitro NADH oxidation as an early indicator for growth reduction of spinach exposed to hydrogen sulfide in the ambient air. Plant Cell Physiol 29 523-526. 

Maas FM, De Kok FJ, Kuiper PJC. 1985. The effect of hydrogen sulfide fumigation on various spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) cultivars Relation between growth inhibition and accumulation of sulphur compounds in the plant. Journal of Plant Physiology 119 219-226. 

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