Plants extracts from

Two-dimensional techniques are usually employed if both phospho-glycerides and glycolipids are present, but it is possible to resolve members of both classes using a diisobutylketone-acetic acid-water mixture (40 25 5). A solvent composed of acetone, acetic acid and water (100 2 1) will separate the mono- and di-galactosyldiglycerides, which are particularly abundant in plant extracts, from phosphoglycerides, which remain at the origin. 

Wang, J., Sakuma, T., Asafu-Adjaye, E., and Shiu, G. K. (1999). Determination of ginsenosides in plant extracts from Panax ginseng L. and Panax quinquefolius L. by LC/MS/MS. Anal. Ghem. 71,1579-1584. 

Harbilas D, Martineau LC, Harris CS, et al (2009) Evaluation of the antidiabetic potential of selected medicinal plant extracts from the Canadian boreal forest used to treat symptoms of diabetes Part II. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 87 479-492... 

In another processing procedure, Platis and Fabrou (2006) purihed anti-HIV MAb from plants using a PEG/Pi aqueous two-phase system. This techihque purihes the plant extract from any additional alkaloids and phe-nolics. The sample can then be applied to a protein A or G affinity column without the need for any further treatment. The authors were able to use this techihque to achieve over 95% recovery. 

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, also known as dronabinol) is the main biologically active component in the Cannabis plant extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). 

Alkaloids of Delphinium tricorne Tricomine.—Examination of the alkaloid fraction of the whole-plant extract from D. tricorne Michaux revealed lycoctonine (39), Alkaloid A (36), Alkaloid B ( delsemine ), and a new base, tricomine (46), C27H43N08, m.pt. 187—189 °C.34 35... 

Plant extracts from which expressed proteins are separated are very different from animal biological liquids. Impurities include not only foreign proteins but also peculiar lipids and polysaccharides, depending on the plant organ. The presence of polyphenols must also be considered for separation by chromatography. One of questionable characteristics of antibodies expressed... 

The Amazon Indians Waiapi living in the West of Amapa State of Brazil, treat malaria with an inhalation of vapor obtained from leaves of Viola surinamensis. The antimalarial activity of the aromatic volatile plant extracts from leaves, showed that nerolidol (an acyclic oxygenated sesquiterpene) was identified as one of the active principles (36). Another recent study suggested the presence of an active isoprenoid pathway for biosynthesis of isoprenic chains of coenzyme Q in P. falciparum (37), parasites treated with nerolidol showed decreased ability to synthesize coenzyme Q in all intraerythrocytic stages. A challenge would be to now identify which African medicinal plants contain similar chemistry. 

ANTI-LARVAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE PLANT EXTRACTS FROM YITEX SCHILIEBENIIYITEXPAYOS (VERBENACEAE)... 

Anti-Larval Activity of Crude Plant Extracts from Vitex Schiliebenii and Vitex Payos... 

The fact that some substances sensitize human skin to light has been known at least since the time of the Pharaohs. The Egyptians used plant extracts from Ammi Majus, which contains psoralens, and sunlight to treat skin disorders such as leukoderma (vitiligo). In one of India s sacred books, Atharva Veda (1400 b.c. or earlier), photochemotherapy of leukoderma with extracts of Psoralea corylifolia, which contains furocoumarins, is carefully described. 

In addition, the above data support the consideration that folklore is still a useful tool in predicting sources with various biological activities e.g. antitumor, antiviral activity, etc. Furthermore, future screening of plant extracts from folklore medicine might be more profitable, in terms of curing human infectious diseases. 

Similar GC-MS methods have been developed for quantification of GAs [136] and ABA [Moritz, unpublished data] in small amounts of plant tissues without recourse to extensive sample purification. For analysis of GAs, high resolution selected ion monitoring (HR-SIM), SRM and four sector MS-MS were compared. The best selectivity was found with four-sector MS-MS, but the sensitivity was too low for the analysis of extracts from mg amounts of tissue. HR-SIM and SRM had similarly low limits of detection, but SRM provided the best balance of sensitivity and selectivity. This method has been used successfully for investigating GA levels in the apical zone of Salix pentandra [140]. However, analysis of GAs without extensive purification has to be performed with great care, as highly abundant GAs with similar retention times and mass spectra to the GAs of interest may interfere with the analysis. For example, GC-MS-SRM of a plant extract from Arabidopsis thaliana, without prior HPLC separation of some of the GAs of interest, resulted in inaccurate data being obtained [Moritz, unpublished data]. 

Hydrastine, C21H21O6N, is conveniently separated from the mother liquors of plant extracts from which the associated berberine has first been removed as sulfate. It was first encountered in Hydrastis canadensis L. 

Sakai, Y, H. Nagase, Y. Ose, et al. 1988. Effects of medicinal plant extracts from Chinese herbal medicines on the mutagenic activity of benzo-a-pyrene. Mutat. Res. 206(3) 327-334. 

Sener, B., I. Orhan, and J. Sat avivad, Antimalarial activity screening of some alkaloids and the plant extracts from Amaryllidaceae. Phytother. Res., 2003. 17(10) p. 1220-3. 

In order to find effective natural products with anticancer activity, the national cancer institute of USA evaluated numerous plant extracts from thousands of plant species as well as other natural source [12]. These efforts led to find several anticancer drug s which are commercially available and approved by the FDA. According to statistics more than 60 % of anticancer drugs are of natural origin [13]. 

Synonyms 13-[(2-0-P-D-Glucopyranosyl-a-D-glucopyranosyl) oxy] kaur-16-en-18-oic acid, p-D-glucopyranosyl ester Kaur-16-en-18-oic acid, 13-((2-0-P-D-glucopyranosyl-a-D-glucopyranosyl) oxy)-, p-D-glucopyranosyl ester Stevia Steviosin Classification Carbohydrate Definition Plant extract from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Empirical CsaHeoOis... 

As a confirmation of the above statement, similar complex mass spectra of the fingerprint importance can be quoted, which have been recorded for medicinal plant extracts from the chromatographic thin layers and shown in papers [26-29],... 

Plant extracts from Quercus and Castanea species containing acutissimins A (53) and B (54) are used to treat diseases such as gastritis and gastric ulcer, diarrhea, various inflammations (e.g., oral, genital and anal mucosa, skin) [115], and are also used as tonic and antitussive medicines [10, 51]. 

Lane 1-6 Transgenic plant extracts from 7 day old leaves 25 Lig/ lane. Lane 7 8, 25 ig of extract from Westar control plants. Lane 7, 3 day old leaf Lane 8, 7 day old leaf. 

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