Lipids extraction from plants

LIPID EXTRACTION FROM PLANT AND MUSCLE TISSUES USING SUPERCRITICAL CO2... 

Chapter 20. Lipid extraction from plant and muscle tissues using supercritical COj... 

Chapters 19 through 21 are devoted to natural materials. Extraction, fractionation and reactions are reviewed by King. A case study on lipid extraction from plant and muscle tissues is presented by Temelli. Chapter 21 by Hortacsu presents a look at the modeling of extraction from natural materials. And finally, the last chapter. Chapter 22, by Brunner provides an engineering perspective to the industrial issues, design procedures and scale-up for separation processes with supercritical fluids, and the challenges that lie ahead for industrial implementations. 

FIGURE 24.14 Structures of some representative lipids isolated from plant and animal tissue by extraction with nonpolar organic solvents. All have large hydrocarbon portions. 

Lipids are substances that can be extracted from plant or animal matter by organic solvents, such as chloroform, diethyl ether, or toluene (Figure 3.6). Whereas carbohydrates and proteins are... 

Extraction of free phytosterols and steryl conjugates In principle, sterols are extracted with common organic solvents like hexane, heptane, methanol, and chloroform, but the more polar conjugates (SFs, SGs, and ASGs) require more polar extraction solvents to be quantitatively extracted from plant sample materials. Therefore, if only selected class(s) of steryl conjugates with similar polarity are analyzed, one solvent extraction can be sufficient. However, for a total lipid extraction for a later fractionation to the individual classes of phytosterol conjugates, one must utilize combinations of extraction solvents to ensure maximum recovery. 

Lipid extraction from various plant materials, especially oilseeds, using SC-CO2 has been studied extensively over the last couple of decades as recently reviewed by Eggers [1]. It is beyond the scope of this study to present a comprehensive review. However, the effect of moisture on lipid extraction and residual proteins will be emphasized. Oilseeds are usually dried to <12% moisture after harvest for storage stability. Oil content varies from 20-22% in soybeans to 40-45% in canola. 

Yoshida, S., Washio, K., Kenrick, J., and Orr, G. (1988) Thermotropic properties of lipids extracted from plasma membrane and tonoplast isolated from chilling-sensitive mung bean (Vigna radiata L.] Wilczek). Plant Cell Physiol. 29,1411-1416. 

Due to their fatty acid composition, the lipids extracted from some plants are solids— fats at room temperature and. 

The proportions of individual wax classes separated by TLC from surface lipid extracts from healthy and infected leaves of the different wheat cultivars (Table 2) showed no clear correlations with their susceptibility to powdery mildew and uninfected plants of each cultivar appeared to differ in their profile of surface lipids. Hydrocarbons formed the largest component of the surface wax from leaves of the disease resistant varieties Apollo and Beaver as well as of the susceptible cultivars Sebo and Sham-1, whereas the moderately resistant Ycora Rojo and the susceptable Probred and Westbred produced lower proportions of hydrocarbons with higher proportions of primary alcohols. No consistent differences in wax composition following infection seemed to occur, although some changes in individual components were noted, these varied with the cultivars. 

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