Redox status

Redox Status Oxidizing agents stimulate activity... 

The major determinant of myocardial redox status is the glutathione content of the heart (Griffith and Meister, 1979). Therefore, fluctuations in myocardial glutathione status may exert a regulatory role in cellular metabolism in a comparable manner to the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins and enzymes. 

Several measures of organic pollutant loading to waters have been developed to indicate the redox status of a system ... 

Liu, W., Kato, M., Akhand, A.A., Hayakawa, A., Suzuki, H., MiyataT., Kurokawa, K., Hotta, Y., Ishikawa, N., and Nakashima, I., 2000, 4-hydroxynonenal induces a ceUular redox status-related activation of the caspase cascade forapoptotic cell death, J. Cell. Sci. 113 635-461. 

In principle the redox potential provides a simple means of gauging a soil s redox status. However in practice it is difficult to make reliable measurements. 

These factors rather constrain the nsefnlness of Uh measnrements in soil solutions. Inferences about the thermodynamics of redox processes in soils that rely heavily on measurements of redox potential shonld be treated with caution. Nonetheless soil h measnrements provide a ready measnre of redox status, for example in experiments in which constant and pH are reqnired (Patrick et al, 1973). 

The main environmental factors that control transformation processes are temperature and redox status. In the subsurface, water temperature may range from 0°C to about 50°C, as a function of climatic conditions and water depth. Generally speaking, contaminant transformations increase with increases in temperature. Wolfe et al. (1990) examined temperature dependence for pesticide transformation in water, for reactions with activation energy as low as lOkcal/mol, in a temperature range of 0 to 50°C. The results corresponded to a 12-fold difference in the half-life. For reactions with an activation energy of 30kcal/mol, a similar temperature increase corresponded to a 2,500-fold difference in the half-life. The Arrhenius equation can be used to describe the temperature effect on the rate of contaminant transformation, k ... 

Speciation is a dynamic process that depends not only on the ligand-metal concentration but on the properties of the aqueous solution in chemical equilibrium with the surrounding solid phase. As a consequence, the estimation of aqueous speciation of contaminant metals should take into account the ion association, pH, redox status, formation-dissolution of the solid phase, adsorption, and ion-exchange reactions. From the environmental point of view, a complexed metal in the subsurface behaves differently than the original compound, in terms of its solubility, retention, persistence, and transport. In general, a complexed metal is more soluble in a water solution, less retained on the solid phase, and more easily transported through the porous medium. 

The different applications listed in Table 2 show that culture fluorescence offers the opportunity to have non-invasive insight not only into the fluorophor behavior of the medium but also in the metabolic state. It gives information about the redox status of the cultivation, but still the danger of interference cannot be excluded. Thus, the interpretation of the data measured is often complicated and only successful for a standard cultivation process [51-65]. 

Blood lactate, pyruvate, ACAC, , glucose and redox ratio should be measured using the same sample for a reliable calculation of redox status. 

Pitfalls associated with metabolic screening are numerous. They can result from proximal tubulopathy, causing a reduction in blood lactate and an increase in urinary lactate from diabetes mellitus, hampering entry of pyruvate into the citric acid cycle from tissue-specific involvement or partial deficiency, which may barely alter the redox status in plasma. When metabolic tests are negative, respiratory chain deficiency may be misdiagnosed. 

Glutathione is an intracellular peptide important in the maintenance of redox status 1446,1447 it is found at millimolar concentrations in typical mammalian cells and is implicated, in general,... 

For many years, the cytoprotective effects of plant phenolic compounds were attributed to their ability to direct scavenge oxidants and free radicals. However, as discussed in the last section, this concept is oversimplified and misleading. More and more evidence suggess that plant phenolic compounds could interact with cellular components and trigger a series of cellular responses, which are able to modulate the redox status of the cells and protect the cells from potentially toxic electrophiles/oxidants. 

Castagne V., Gautschi M., Lefevre K., Posada A., and Clarke P. G. H. (1999). Relationships between neuronal death and the cellular redox status. Focus on the developing nervous system. Prog. Neurobiol. 59 397-423. 

Glutamate-Mediated Alterations in Cellular Redox Status... 

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