Biochemical action

When a particular behavioral pharmacology is associated with a specific biochemical action within a series of congeners, it is likely that the biochemistry is a functional component of the observed behavioral activity. This is not necessarily the case if only one or a few molecules are available for study they may well possess ancillary biochemical pharmacology that is... 

Kuczenski, R. Biochemical actions of amphetamine and other stimulants. 

Kuczenski, R., Biochemical actions of amphetamine and other stimulants, in Stimulants Neurochemical, Behavioral, and Clinical Perspectives, Creese, I., Ed., Raven Press, New York, 1983, 31. 

Fischer, brilliant results were achieved, and in succession the a-amylases of pig pancreas, of Bacillus subtilis, of human saliva, of human pancreas, and of Aspergillus oryzae, and the /3-amylase of malt, were successfully crystallized. Important biological deductions were gained from this study whereas the amylases of human pancreas and saliva cannot be distinguished from one another, amylases from pig pancreas and from human pancreas are different. These differences are manifested in molecular weight, crystalline forms, electrophoretic mobility, and influence of the pH on the activity however, all the amylases have the same specific biochemical action. The identity of the enzymes seems to be dependent on the species and not on the organ. Interest in biologically active proteins led Meyer to a study of the protein hormones, a field in which he was very active at the time of his death. 

The Biochemical Action of Arsonic Acids Especially as Phosphate Analogues Henry B. F. Dixon... 

Bamburg, J. R. Biological and Biochemical Actions of Trichothecene Mycotoxins. Prog. Mol.randSubcel.rBiol. 8,41, 1983. 

In the preclinical discovery of new drugs and their biochemical actions on the cell... 

Only one antagonist is known, naloxone, which is used clinically to treat opiate overdoses and, experimentally, to investigate whether physiological or biochemical actions are opiate-mediated. One example of its use is to support the hypothesis that P-endorphin is responsible for the analgesic effects of acupuncture. Not only does low frequency electroacupuncture increase p-endorphin levels in cerebrospinal fluid but naloxone nullifies the analgesic effect of this treatment. 

Granting that precise mechanisms responsible for the characteristic anticancer activity and mammalian toxicity of vinblastine, vincristine, and related compounds have not been rigorously established, it nevertheless is important to describe representative biological and biochemical actions of the drugs that may have mechanistic pertinence. The susceptibility to mitotic spindle dissolution of cell lines with 100-fold differences in sensitivity to vinblastine has been investigated 14). There was an excellent correlation between drug concentrations required to produce inhibition of cell colony formation and those required to dissolve mitotic spindles. It is noteworthy that effects on the mitotic spindle of vinblastine occur very rapidly and can be detected within 30 sec. 

This lack of information may well relate to bupropion s complex metabolism, whereby biologically active metabolites predominate several-fold over the parent compound these metabolites may ultimately prove to be the basis for therapeutic effects [Golden et al. 1988]. Furthermore, because the full spectrum of action of the metabolites has not been explored, it is difficult to confidently characterize the primary biochemical action of bupropion as noradrenergic. One must therefore be cautious in interpreting any distinct aspects of bupropion s clinical actions as reflecting some noradrenergic mechanisms. And to our knowledge, bupropion is unique in that no other compound available for use in humans has a similar overall profile of preclini-cal and clinical biochemical effects. 

P. M. Conn (1984). Molecular mechanism of gonadotropin releasing hormone action. In G. Litwack (Ed.). Biochemical Action of Hormones, vol. 11. New York Academic Press, pp. 67-92. 

Hardt, TJ. Ritschel, W.A. (1983) Dose-related pharmacokinetics of coumarin, 7-hydroxy-coumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide upon intraperitoneal administration of coumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin in the rat. Arzneim.-Forsch., 33, 1442-1446 Haworth, S., Lawlor, T, Mortelmans, K., Speck, W. Zeiger, E. (1983) Salmonella mutagenicity test results for 250 chemicals. Environ. Mutagen., 5 (Suppl. 1), 3-142 Hazleton, L.W., Tusing, T.W., Zeitlin, B.R., Thiessen, R., Jr Murer, H.K. (1956) Toxicity of coumarin. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther., 118, 348-358 Hoult, J. Payd, M. (1996) Pharmacological and biochemical actions of simple coumarins natural products with therapeutic potential. Gen. Pharmacol., 27, 713-722... 

Concurrently, hypotheses were also developed regarding the undesirable or toxic effects associated with the various biochemical actions of these agents. Examples include the following ... 

THE BIOCHEMICAL ACTION OF ARSONIC ACIDS ESPECIALLY AS PHOSPHATE ANALOGUES... 

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