Plant design, water treatment

Sewage Treatment Plant Design. Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington... 

Before a plant s water treatment system can be designed, a fund of analytical data is necessary. In many localities, these data are available from local authorities or neighboring plants. They should cover a period of time in order to give an idea of variability... 

Wastewater Treatment Plant Design, Manual of Practice No. < , Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, D.C., 1977. 

Ameiican Society of Civil Fngineeis, Ameiican Watei Woiks Association, and Confeience of State Sanitaiy Fngineeis, Water Treatment Plant Design, Ameiican Watei Woiks Association, Inc., New Yoik, 1969, p. 297. 

The number and complexity of unit processes and in turn unit operations comprising a water purification or wastewater treatment facility are functions of the legal and operational requirements of the treated water, the nature and degree of contamination of the incoming water (raw water to the plant), and the quantities of water to be processed. This means then, that water treatment facilities from a design and operational standpoints vary, but they do rely on overlapping and even identical unit processes. 

These various problems may arise under several different circumstances. For example, difficulties may result from consistently poor operational control of the boiler plant or from enforced operating conditions that fall outside generally accepted procedures. Alternatively, problems may stem from malfunctioning equipment, from equipment design flaws, from inadequate water treatment programs, or even as a result of poor interpretation of monitored results and bad water treatment advice. 

For all types of boilers, from the most simple HW heaters to immense power generating plants, one of the most fundamental objectives of any water treatment program is (as stressed several times) to minimize boiler section waterside corrosion, especially those common types of corrosion involving oxygen. The actions taken to achieve this objective are generally the same, irrespective of boiler size or design. These actions include ... 

A sewer network and any corresponding treatment have traditionally been separately designed and operated. Two different and separate functions have been dealt with the sewer system must collect and convey the wastewater to the treatment plant, and the treatment plant must reduce pollution load into the receiving water according to the quality standards set. Consequently, sewers are often just considered input systems at the boundaries where they are connected with wastewater treatment plants and overflow structures that discharge untreated wastewater into watercourses during rainfall. This traditional approach to sewer performance needs considerable improvement. 

A good example of this type of facility is a wastewater treatment plant. A waste-water treatment plant, obviously, is designed to treat wastewater and its by-products (wastewater is not normally thought of as a hazardous material). However, common... 

Finlay, W. S. and Ferguson, P. V. Design and operation of a turnkey reverse osmosis water treatment plant, presented at the International Congress on Desalination and Water Re-use (Tokyo, 1977). 

Whereas Stratford and his coworkers utilized anhydrous phenol to effect satisfactory solvent treatment of the oils under examination, aqueous phenol (up to 12% water) is necessary for phase separation at 100° to 175° F. when treating California-type low cold test lubricating oil distillates. Such a plant designed and installed by the Standard Oil Co. of California at its Richmond Refinery in 1934 is represented by Figures 9 and 10. 

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