PL/1 program

The program which generates the constitutional formulas for output on the line printer has been written in FORTRAN. It can be either called as a subroutine to the PL/1 program or, in a separate run, the lists of bonds can be taken from a file of the molecules generated previously. 

Several programs have been written specifically for a very restricted class of equilibrium only problems. The Pit Method of Sillen and Warnquist has been widely used to solve for equilibrium constants in inorganic systems that have one or more simultaneous reversible reactions. DeLand uses goal-seeking routines to facilitate the matching of data, but free energy data for all reactants is required. Bos and Meershoek 24) have written a PL/1 program which uses the Newton-Raphson iteration to compute equilibrium constants in complex systems. 

The absorbance measurements were performed with an Agilent 8453 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, using 1,00 cm quartz cells, PLS-1 was applied with an in-house program written according to the algorithm given by Martens and Naes [23],... 

The PLS 1 algorithm is fairly simple and described in detail in Appendix A.2.2. However, it can be easily set up in Excel or programmed into Matlab in a few lines, and the aim of diis problem is to set up the matrix based calculations for PLS. 

The summary is a mind map of this note, constructed in the program MindManager (Figure Pl-1). You may find it useful to structure discussions and planning in the team. MindManager is easy to learn. 

In our effort to collect the appropriate data and develop the requisite understanding of geochemical processes, we have developed some adjunct computer programs. These include AACALC (Atomic Absorption and emission spectrometry CALCulation), EQLIST (Equilibrium computation LISTing), and EQPRPLOT (Equilibrium computation PRinting and PLOTing). AACALC (FORTRAN) reduces atomic absorption or emission spectrometry data to concentrations, EqLIST (PL/1) constructs tables from the WATEqZ (input) card file, and EqPRPLOT (FORTRAN) constructs ratio and scatter plots of dissolved constituents, activity products (AP), or activity product to solubility product ratios (AP/K) via computer terminal printer or tape-driven plotter. 

The PL/1 language computer code has been extensively altered in the process of building it into WATEQ2 in fact, minor alterations are far too numerous to mention here. Several errors in the original code were corrected and some major changes, noted below, were made to improve program execution and ease of use... 

The Control Program for Microcomputer (CP/M) is an operating system you may never have heard of because it is not in use on modern PCs. Gary Kildall wrote this OS in 1973, using his PL/M programming language. It initially ran on the Intel 8008. It was later ported to the 8080 chip and was, in many ways, very similar in function to DOS. As a matter of fact, it looks quite similar to DOS, as you can see in Figure 11.1. 

The numerous short counting periods, the large number of vials coupled with the efficiency calibration data from the external standard count, the quenched standards, and the vials with mixtures of either scintillator-sample or scintillator-dead water make this a program of data organization and reduction. To eliminate the need to change the source progreun due to different numbers of observations from one sample run to another, the PL/1 feature of dynamic allocation of storage has been used. This allows the user to define the dimensions of the arrays for the input data. It is not uncommon for the arrays for the quenched standards, the dead water, and the sample data to have different dimensions. 

Figure 12.7 Cliromatograms of a polycarbonate sample (a) microcolumn SEC ti ace (b) capillary GC ti ace of inti oduced fractions. SEC conditions fused-silica (30 cm X 250 mm i.d.) packed with PL-GEL (50 A pore size, 5 mm particle diameter) eluent, THE at aElow rate of 2.0ml/min injection size, 200 NL UV detection at 254 nm x represents the polymer additive fraction ti ansfeired to EC system (ca. 6 p-L). GC conditions DB-1 column (15m X 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 pm film thickness) deactivated fused-silica uncoated inlet (5 m X 0.32 mm i.d.) temperature program, 100 °C for 8 min, rising to 350 °C at a rate of 12°C/min flame ionization detection. Peak identification is as follows 1, 2,4-rert-butylphenol 2, nonylphenol isomers 3, di(4-tert-butylphenyl) carbonate 4, Tinuvin 329 5, solvent impurity 6, Ii gaphos 168 (oxidized). Reprinted with permission from Ref. (14).

Cooler Condenser Design Lb-Water Program No. 710402 Water Rate Tube Modified Colbiu-n-Hougen, Bras Method Design Calc, for Sec. Coolers—Water Sat d at 110°F TL-in. Cooling Water Pass No. 2 In. °F 48.00 Lb-Gas, Gas Rate HLI, Water 8c Tube Acc-F, Program Tube 92.30 lb hr tube 480.00 Overall Coeff. Accmacy. 10 I.D. Controlled to 0.1 F Pl-Atm, Press, of Sys Gas in Top I.OOO ... 

The use of a fused silica capillary column for the GC analysis of the neutral oil extract has provided the means for improving the resolution of components in a more inert system. The sultones are determined by temperature-programmed GC over CP-Sil-5 CB (methyl silicone fluid) in a 25 m x 0.2 mm fused silica capillary column using nonadecane as internal standard. A sample split ratio of 1 100 is recommended for a 3-pl injection. 

The column used for blood serum analysis was 100 cm long, 1 mm in diameter and packed with RP 18 reversed phase having a particle size of 10 pm. A concave gradient program was used to develop the separation over a period of 45 min. at a flow rate of 50 pl/min. The initial solvent was 75% methanol 25% water and the final solvent was pure methanol. 

There are several kinds of extensibility built into RS/1. A full structured programming language called RPL is a part of the system. This language, stylistically similar to PL/I, also allows direct access to data objects such as tables and graphs, and allows the intermixture of high-level data management commands with traditional programming constructs. 

The EROS program system is written in PL/I and implemented on various IBM, Amdahl, CDC, and Siemens machines. Presently, two versions are supported, the 3.2 and 4.1 versions, consisting of about 9,000 and 13,000 statements, respectively. The essential difference between these two versions is that in EROS 3.2 the various... 

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