Inerting system

Conclusions The use of an inert atmosphere can virtually eliminate the possibility of explosions and fire with flammable materials. However, inerting systems can be quite expensive and difficult to operate successfully and can be hazardous to personnel. Before using inert systems, alternatives should be explored, such as using nonflammable materials or operating below the flammable range. 

Install on-line flammable gas detection and activation of inerting system... 

Design ventilation system to keep flammable concentration below lower flammable limit Provide on-line flammable gas detection and activation of inerting system Install automatic sprinkler system Install deflagration vents... 

See ignition Oxygen monitored inerting system sources, all these, Explosion suppression devices can lead to fire or explosion. ... 

Design and operating criteria for inerting systems are presented in NFPA 69 (NFPA 1997). Another excellent reference on inerting systems is provided in the Expert Commission for Safety in the Swiss Chemical Industry (ESCIS) Booklet No. 3 (ESCIS 1994). 

The use of a fused silica capillary column for the GC analysis of the neutral oil extract has provided the means for improving the resolution of components in a more inert system. The sultones are determined by temperature-programmed GC over CP-Sil-5 CB (methyl silicone fluid) in a 25 m x 0.2 mm fused silica capillary column using nonadecane as internal standard. A sample split ratio of 1 100 is recommended for a 3-pl injection. 

Law C.K. and Egolfopoulos F.N., A kinetic criterion of flammability limits The C-H-O-inert system, Proc. Combust. Inst., 23 413 21,1990. 

In inert systems such as technetium and rhenium, ligand substitution reactions-including solvolysis-proceed under virtually irreversible conditions. Thus, the nature of the reaction center, the nature of the leaving group, and the nature and position of the other ligands in the complex affect the rates and activation parameters in a complicated manner. Most substitution reactions take place via interchange mechanisms. This is not too surprising when the solvent is water - or water-like - and where, in order to compete with the solvent,... 

Design an inerting system for a pressure vessel to maintain the inert atmosphere at 40 psig. Be sure to account for filling and emptying of the vessel. Indicate the precise location of... 

This system was modified to include an inerting system and a dip pipe charging line, and all metal parts were bonded. Subsequent operations were incident-free. 

Inert system By a combination of the use of inert materials (glass, titanium, and inert polymers) this system offers totally inert fluidics. Primary features of the system include (Fig. 1.2 (d)) ... 

A common technique used to prevent ignition of flammable liquid in tanks is the provision of inerting systems, using a gas such as nitrogen. Once the fire... 

The substitution reaction in which a molecule of solvent replaces one of the ligands represents one of the most commonly and conveniently studied processes in coordination chemistry. In labile systems, analysis of the relaxation kinetics in the complex formation studies will, of course, give the rate constants for the solvolysis as well as those for the complex formation. In inert systems... 

This typical application of the second kind is the Gibbs Phase Rule (for inert systems). This rule is often stated merely for systems with only two external coordinates (n = 2, e.g., xt = P,x2 = T). There must then be no internal partitions within the system, nor may it, for instance, contain magnetic substances in the presence of external magnetic fields. 

The ability of metal ions to catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds has been known for 50 years, while the catalytic effect on the hydrolysis of amino acid esters was highlighted in the 1950s. As Hay and Morris point out in their review,76 the major problem with the kinetically labile systems is determining the nature of the reactive complex in solution. Such problems generally do not arise in the more inert systems and consequently reactions involving Co111 have been the more popular for study. 

Inert systems are used for two reasons. Purification of proteins can be contaminated and enzymes can be deactivated with metals ions extracted out of stainless steel. Also, inert systems are resistant to concentrated salt solutions. Some protein purifications require in excess of 150 mM salt. 

Additionally, while the first oxidation product of hydroquinone, mono-sulphonate, forms an almost inert system with metol, it has a superadditive effect with Phenidone, increasing developing power. 

---