Pistachios

Nuts and Nut Products. Nuts are used mainly as edible products and marketed either with or without the shell, as the demand requites. The most popular nuts ia the shell are English walnut, filbert, almond, Brazil nut, peanut, pistachio, and the improved, or paper-shell, pecan the most popular salted and roasted nut kernels iaclude these as well as the cashew, macadamia, and pignofla. Each year more nuts are shelled ia ceatraHy located plants and marketed as meats. The annual per capita consumption of shelled tree nuts ia the United States rose from 0.78 kg in 1987 to 1.00 kg in 1992 (132). 

Commercially important nuts ia world trade iaclude almond, Bra2il nut, cashew, chestnut, coconut (copra), filbert, macadamia, palm nut, peanut, pecan, pignoHa, pistachio, and Knglish walnut. Coconut, palm nut, peanut, as well as babassu, oiticia, and tung, are important sources of oil for soap, paint, varnish, as well as many other domestic and iadustrial uses. 

Pistachios. Pistachios have been commercially produced in the United States since the late 1960s (164). The United States has displaced Turkey as the number two producer Iran is the number one producer. 

The following examples, starting with the pistachio, are concerned primarily with variation in prohles of common volatile components of a number of aromatic plant species native to the Mediterranean Basin. For the most part, the examples involve... 

Galactose is the second most widespread monosaccharide in foods, being found in apples, dwarf dogwood, cranberries, black chokeberries, highbush blueberries, Vaccinium padifolium blueberries, - Coriaria myrtifolia, black carrots, " eggplants, pistachios, and black and kidney beans. ... 

Figure 11. Distribution with depth of U/Th normahzed to the bedroek in two lateritic profiles of the Kaya toposeqnenee, about 300m apart (Burkina Faso) (Deqnineey et al. 2002 submitted). One profile is located downhill (Kaya 5) and the other one at the top of a residual hill (Kaya 1). The laterite consists of an uppermost fermginous hardtop, an intermediate pink clay nnit and a lowest pistachio unit. For Kaya 5 profile, U/Th distribntion shows a relative enrichment of U in the nppermost horizon and depletion in the lower part of the profile. This kind of distribution is quite conunon in weathering profiles bnt is not systematic as illnstrated by the Kaya 1 profile. In the latter, a relative depletion of U is observed in the npper part and a U-enriched level in the intermediate horizon. This lateral difference in U distribution is explained by vertical redistribntion of U from the ferruginons top to the nnderlying horizons, whose intensity is controlled by the evolntion of the iron oxides from the nppermost horizons (Dequincey et al. snbmitted).

Pistachio nuts cost 4.00 per pound, (a) How many pounds of nuts can be bought for 22.00 (b) How much does 43.2 pounds of nuts cost ... 

The price of pistachio nuts is 5.00 per pound. If a grocer has 13pounds for sale, and a buyer has 24.00 to buy nuts with, what is the maximum number of pounds that can be sold (b) Consider the reaction... 

The sex pheromone of the female pistachio twig borer, Kermania pistaciella (Lepidoptera OinophiHdae), from Turkey was identified as (25,12Z )-2-acetoxy-12-heptadecene. In field tests in Turkey, lures containing synthetic (25,12Z )-2-acetoxy-12-heptadecene attracted a large number of male moths. However, the attractiveness was reduced significantly by the presence of the (i )-enantiomer or of either enantiomer of the corresponding alcohol. It is the first pheromone component identified in the Oinophilidae and the first secondary acetate identified in Lepidoptera. ... 

Camphorene 113 (Structure 4.34), which is a constituent of camphor oil, is identical to dimyrcene. Several dimyrcene derivatives are constituents of pistachio oils [54]. The gum resin of Commiphora mukul furnishes essential oil (0.4 %) consisting chiefly of myrcene 4 and dimyrcene (camphorene 113) [55]. 

Tragacanth Gum ), myrrh, pistachio nuts, and almonds. Genesis... 

Mastic is a hard resin exuding from the branches of one of the Pistachio trees, Pistncin lentiscus, native of Mediterranean F.nrope and southern Asia. Formerly, it was extensively used medicinally, for stomach troubles and dysentery, as well as other ailments.. Now it is used in making varnishes and in lithographic work. Natives of the region in which it is found chew mastic, which has a pleasant taste. 

Methanol-water is the extraction medium of the method recently tested for validation by the European Commission (39), for the determination of aflatoxins at the European regulatory limits for dried figs, pistachios, peanut butter, and paprika 50 g of the test portion are extracted with methanol-water (80 20) for dried figs and paprika, and methanol-water (80 20) plus 100 ml of hexane for peanut butter and pistachio. After filtration, the filtrate is added to phosphate buffer saline (PBS) for the purification step. 

Fig. 4 Typical chromatogram of aflatoxins B, B2, G, and G2 naturally contaminated pistachio nuts sample. Aflatoxin B, (AFB1) 0.75 fig/kg, aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) 0.12 fig/kg, aflatoxin G] (AFGl) 0.68 fig/kg, and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) 0.15 /rg/kg. Mobile phase water methanol acetonitrile 54 29 17. Pump A regulated at 1 ml/min Pump B (postcolumn derivatization with bromine) regulated at 0.4 ml/min.

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