Piping allowable flow

Multi-Port This term refers to any vaWc or manifold of s ah es with more than one inlet or outlet. For throttling control, the three-way body is used for blending (two inlets, one outlet) or as a dh ertor (one inlet, two outlets), A three-way S ah e is most commonly a special globelike body with special trim that allows flow both o cr and under the plug. Two rotaiw s ah es and a pipe tee can also be used. Special three-, four-, and fh e-way ball- ah e designs are used for switching applications. 

Sizing Cooling Water Piping in New Plants Maximum Allowable Flow, Velocity and Pressure Drop... 

A suction pressure throttling valve can also be installed to protect the compressor from too high a suction pressure. This is typically a butterfly valve that is placed in the suction piping. As flow rate to the compressor increases, the valve will close slightly and maintain a constant suction pressure. This will automatically limit the flow rate to exactly that rate where the actual volume of gas equals that required by the cylinder at tlie chosen suction pressure setting. It will not allow the suction pressure to increase and the compressor cylinder to thus handle more flow rate. 

This is a quarter-turn on-off valve (Figure 15-1). A bore through the ball allows flow when it is lined up with the pipe and blocks flow when it... 

Flame Arrester A device fitted to the opening of an enclosure or to the connecting piping of a system of enclosures and whose intended function is to allow flow but prevent the transmission of flame from either a deflagration or detonation. 

Up to the present time, work has been done which allows prediction of the onset of large waves (H2), and of formation of other types of waves (VI, HI), but only on flat uniform liquid surfaces. The extent to which these results can be applied to pipe line flow is uncertain. Apparently, Gazley s papers are still the only basic reports of stratified and wave flow in horizontal pipe incidentally they also show a parallel between liquid instability in pipe flow as evidenced by wave formation, and that evidenced in packed towers by flooding. 

A tank contains a solution that is rapidly stirred, so that it remains uniform at all times. A solution of the same solute is flowing into the tank at a fixed rate of flow, and an overflow pipe allows solution from the tank to flow out at the same rate. If the solution flowing in has a fixed concentration that is different from the initial concentration in the tank, write and solve the differential equation that governs the number of moles of solute in the tank. The inlet pipe allows A moles per hour to flow in and the overflow pipe allows Bn moles per hour to flow out, where A and B are constants and n is the number of moles of solute in the tank. Find the values of A and B that correspond to a volume in the tank of 100.01, an input of 1.000 lh of a solution with 1.000 mol 1 and an output of 1.000 lh of the solution in the tank. Find the concentration in the tank after 5.00 h, if the initial concentration is zero. 

In flow loop testing, continuous foams at qualities of up to 99.6% have been observed. The energy created by the pumping pressure, shear and friction with the drill pipe, allows the lamellae to thin to a point where the water is dispersed over a greater volume. In the case of our example, a 10 ml aliquot of water would create a foam height of 500 ml. 

Underflow Dams, While mechanical boom, pneumatic barriers, and water jet systems may be adapted to almost any size of waterway, a number of simple confinement methods, such as the underflow dam, are best suited to smaller waterways. As shown in Figure 13.3, an underflow dam uses a series of pipes extending through an earthen harrier to confine a floating spill. The pipes allow water to pass through the barrier, and when the pipes are positioned with the upstream end lower than the downstream end, the water level is raised above the intake of the pipes and the floating spill is retained. In order to control the flow of water, a sufficient number of pipes must be installed in the dam. The width, depth, and speed of the water can be used to calculate the flow rate and thus determine the number of pipes that need to be used. The use of elbows on the upstream end of the pipes will help prevent the formation of a vortex that can sometimes occur, pulling surface material down... 

Flow-promoting devices are often used to allow flow to resume in blocked hoppers. These include air lances (perforated pipes) near the outlets, air injection at hopper sides, air cannons (explosive Aarge of compressed air) in blocked zones, and mechanical vibration. 

Surge is a phenomenon that occurs at conditions of low flow in centrifugal gas movers. All manufacturers include in their equipment specification a minimum allowable flow. At low flow, the dynamics of the piping system and the operating curve of the gas mover can be out of balance, causing pressure pulses and equipment vibrations, known as "surge." The vibration is translated to the thrust system and will ultimately destroy the equipment if surging is not stopped. 

An ultrasonic flow meter allows flow measurement of water and other liquids from the outside of piping. 

Most modern engineering specifications for the design of slurry pipelines categorically forbid flow at speeds below V3. However, the instrumentation engineer needs to know the pressure rise in saltation or at blockage. Herbich (1991) argued that motors should be sized to handle the flow in saltation, and there are incidences where it may be economical to reduce the cross-sectional area of the pipe by allowing flow over a stationary bed. 

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