Block flow

The Eastman Chemicals from Coal faciUty is a series of nine complex interrelated plants. These plants include air separation, slurry preparation, gasification, acid gas removal, sulfur recovery, CO /H2 separation, methanol, methyl acetate, and acetic anhydride. A block flow diagram of the process is shown in Eigure 3. The faciUty covers an area of 2.2 x 10 (55 acres) at Eastman s main plant site in Kingsport, Teimessee. The air separation plant is... 

Fig. 3. Overall block flow diagram for Eastman s coal gasification—acetic anhydride complex (35).

Fig. 6. Simplified block flow diagram for the New Zealand gas-to-gasoline (GTG) plant (61). To convert m /h to gal/min, multiply by 4.40. HGT = heavy...

In a typical balanced plant producing vinyl chloride from EDC, all the HCl produced in EDC pyrolysis is used as the feed for oxychlorination. On this basis, EDC production is about evenly spHt between direct chlorination and oxychlorination, and there is no net production or consumption of HCl. The three principal operating steps used in the balanced process for ethylene-based vinyl chloride production are shown in the block flow diagram in Eigure 1, and a schematic of the overall process for a conventional plant is shown in Eigure 2 (76). A typical material balance for this process is given in Table 2. 

SASOLII a.ndIII. Two additional plants weie built and aie in operation in South Africa near Secunda. The combined annual coal consumption for SASOL II, commissioned in 1980, and SASOL III, in 1983, is 25 x 10 t, and these plants together produce approximately 1.3 x lO" m (80,000 barrels) per day of transportation fuels. A block flow diagram for these processes is shown in Figure 15. The product distribution for SASOL II and III is much narrower in comparison to SASOL I. The later plants use only fluid-bed reactor technology, and extensive use of secondary catalytic processing of intermediates (alkylation, polymerisation, etc) is practiced to maximise the production of transportation fuels. 

Fig. 15. Block flow diagram, SASOL II and III, where F-T corresponds to Fischer-Tropsch, and BTX is bensene, toluene, xylene. To convert m to...

Block flow diagram A simplified drawing representing a process. It typically shows major equipment and piping and can include major valves. 

Inlet weir on tray blocking flow from tray above. Limited capaeity. High pressure drop as rates were increased. Design and inspection error. 

Chimneys (risers) blocking flow to draw sump forcing liquid to overflow prematurely. Flooding of trayed section below pump around. Lack of response to pump around flow changes. Design error. 

Some transfer valves block flow better than others, making it nccos sary to evaluate the design chosen. Valve design and manufacturing technology has improved to the extent that leakage should not be the problem it onev was. 

Figure 12-31. Block flow diagram showing the reaction kinetics and thermodynamics needed to create a reactor model. (Source Reproduced with permission of the AlChE. Copyright 1996 AlChE. All rights reserved.)...

Figure 3.21 A simplified block flow diagram of a tire-to-fuel process,...

A block flow diagram is used to show the major process equipment and interconnecting process flow lines and flow rates, stream composition, temperatures, and pressures when necessary for clarity. The block flow diagram is a simplified diagram. 

Valve. seat Fails to block flow when closed. Possible leakage of SIS fluid into system and reduced operability. Need leakage taps on system to determine if there is leakage between series valves. Sense temperature of pipe. Inspection. 

Gnatyuk, V. V., T. A. Gnatyuk, and L. P. Yarin. 1977. Studies of the axis-symmetric blocked flow structure. In Proceedings of the USSR Acad. Sci., Mechanics of Liquids and Gases, no. 2, pp. 16-23. Nauka, Moscow. 

Each cylinder discharge line should have a relief valve located upstream of the cooler. Like all reciprocating devices, the piston will continue to increase pressure if flow is blocked. The relief valve assures that nothing is overpressured. It must be located upstream of the coolers as icc can form in the coolers, blocking flow. 

This is a quarter-turn on-off valve (Figure 15-1). A bore through the ball allows flow when it is lined up with the pipe and blocks flow when it... 

Block flow diagram or simplified process flow diagram... 

Figure 5-4. A block flow diagram showing the combined reforming for methanol synthesis. ...

A thrombus is a mass of cells and protein composed principally of platelets and fibrin, but also containing red and white blood cells. A thrombus which forms in the circulatory system can become occlusive in that the thrombus can physically block flowing blood. 

The moisture removal from the subslab can be very substantial, and could amount to many gallons of water per day.13-15 Unless the piping design allows for that water to drain back into the soil, the water could block flow of air in the piping or interfere with the fan operation. Evidence of moisture and other debris has also been found in the staining of roofs near the exhaust pipes of the SSD systems. 

The material balance is presented on a block flow sheet so that the reader can graphically visualize what is happening. An example is given in Figure 4E- 1. Each major operation appears as a block. No attempt is made to identify the specific pieces of equipment or to size them. The blocks are interconnected with flow lines, which indicate for each substance where it enters the process, what path it follows, and where it is eventually discharged. These flow lines are keyed to a chart that gives the composition and amount of each stream in the form of a unit ratio material balance. A material balance should be given for each product made by a multipurpose plant. 

Figure 2.2. Block Flow Diagram for a Liquid Recycle Process...

Process technology information must include at least (1) block flow diagrams or simplified process flow diagrams such as the type shown in Figure 4.1 (2) process chemistry (3) DOE contractor-established criteria for maximum inventory levels for process chemicals ... 

Process safety information is compiled and made available to ah employees to facilitate the understanding and identification of hazards. This information includes block flow diagrams or process flow diagrams, process chemistry, and process limitations, such as temperatures, pressures, flows, and compositions. Consequences of process deviations are also required. This... 

Whilst improvements have been made in the efficiency of some individual items, the components of the standard block flow-diagram of Fig. 7.1 have changed little over the years. In this chapter, the potential improvements offered by a new concept in operation are considered. The subject here is a different kind of membrane that allows the gas-phase separation of chlorine from some of its accompanying impurities. 

Figure 21.2 shows the entire low-temperature process in block flow format. Following the reactor and cooler, the liquid EDC is washed, removing unreacted chlorine and catalyst. Product EDC is obtained in two distillation steps drying, where water and a small amount of light by-products are removed and purification, which removes a small amount of heavy by-products. Both of these distillation steps use steam-heated reboilers. 

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