Pipelines corrosion control

Technical Committee Reports of the National Association of Corrosion Engineers, USA, on pipeline corrosion control, including Statement on Minimum Requirements for Protection of Buried Pipelines , Some Observations on Cathodic Protection Criteria , Criteria for Adequate Cathodic Protection of Coated Buried Submerged Steel Pipelines and Similar Steel , Methods of Measuring Leakage Conductance of Coatings on Buried or Submerged Pipelines , Recommended Practice for Cathodic Protection of Aluminium Pipe Buried in Soil or Immersed in Water ... 

Pettus, P.L. and Strickland, LN. (1974). Water soluble corrosion inhibitors A different approach to internal pipeline corrosion control. Corrosion, 74,1-11, Texas Houston, USA. 

The Institute has many-year experience of investigations and developments in the field of NDT. These are, mainly, developments which allowed creation of a series of eddy current flaw detectors for various applications. The Institute has traditionally studied the physico-mechanical properties of materials, their stressed-strained state, fracture mechanics and developed on this basis the procedures and instruments which measure the properties and predict the behaviour of materials. Quite important are also developments of technologies and equipment for control of thickness and adhesion of thin protective coatings on various bases, corrosion control of underground pipelines by indirect method, acoustic emission control of hydrogen and corrosion cracking in structural materials, etc. 

Corrosion. Anticorrosion measures have become standard ia pipeline desiga, coastmctioa, and maintenance ia the oil and gas iadustries the principal measures are appHcation of corrosion-preventive coatings and cathodic protection for exterior protection and chemical additives for iaterior protectioa. Pipe for pipelines may be bought with a variety of coatiags, such as tar, fiber glass, felt and heavy paper, epoxy, polyethylene, etc, either pre-apphed or coated and wrapped on the job with special machines as the pipe is lowered iato the treach. An electric detector is used to determine if a coatiag gap (hoHday) exists bare spots are coated before the pipe is laid (see Corrosion and corrosion control). 

Peabody, A. W., Control of Pipeline Corrosion, NACE, Houston (1971)... 

Cathodic protection is an electrochemical method of corrosion control that has found widespread application in the protection of carbon steel underground structures such as pipelines and tanks from soil corrosion. The process equipment metal surface is made as the cathode in an electrolytic circuit to prevent metal wastage. 

Pandya, M. T. (1997). Novel energy saving approach for scale and corrosion control in pipelines. Chem. Eng. World. 32, 2, 73-75. 

A. W. Peabody, Control of pipeline corrosion, Second edition, published by National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, Texas, 2001. 

Historical experience with pipeline failures reveals that the two single most common causes for failures are outside forces and corrosion. There are variations in individual systems. Accordingly, a significant part of the effort in achieving better pipeline safety is corrosion control and damage prevention directed at outside forces. The other causes of pipeline failure, individually, contribute to a much smaller proportion of pipeline incidents, but they are still addressed because their aggregate contribution matters. 

Significant maintenance costs for pipeline operation are associated with corrosion control and integrity management. The driving forces for the expenditure of maintenance dollars are to preserve the asset of pipeline, which is equal to 93.3 billion in book value and 541 billion in replacement value and to ensure safe operation without failures that jeopardize public safety, result in lost product and throughput, and cause property and environmental damage that is estimated at 470-870 million/year. 

CP is the required method of corrosion control of buried pipelines. The two forms of CP are impressed-current and sacrificial anode systems. Both forms of protection have been in use in industry for quite some time and the industrial personnel are familiar with their installation and operation (NACE Standard RP0169-96). 

R. Bianchetti (ed.) (2000), Peabody s Control of Pipeline Corrosion, 2nd Edition, NACE, Houston, TX. Cathodic Protection Criteria—A Literature Survey (1989), National Association of Corrosion Engineers. Mars G. Fontana and Norbert D. Greene (1978), Corrosion Engineering, 2nd Edition, McGraw-HUl, London. 

Curran, E. 2007. Corrosion control in gas pipelines coating protection provides lifetime of prevention. Pipeline and Gas Journal 234 (10), pp. 50-52. 

Corrosion control as a result of design should be noted here. The design of oil and gas facilities should be done in such a way that there is no room for stagnation, especially on separators, treatment units, or pipelines, because stagnant areas contain some residual materials that over time could cause internal corrosion through pitting, while bulges or dents should also be avoided to curb external facility corrosion. 

General corrosion control, prevention, and monitoring should be planned for from the onset. To detect and monitor corrosion, various methods must be used, while corrosion protection would be done by the addition of inhibition and use of protection coatings [5]. Visual examination, laser methods, the replication microscopy liquid penetration testing method, magnetic particles testing, the eddy current inspection method, acoustic emission technique, thermal methods of inspection, and nondestructive methods are the various methods to be adopted when monitoring pipeline corrosion [5]. 

Nalwa HS (ed) (2001) Silicon-based materials and devices. Academic, San Diego, CA Ohring M (1992) The materials science of thin films. Academic, San Diego, CA Ostermann E (2007) Anwendnngstechnologie Aluminium. Springer, Berlin Painter PC (2009) Essentials of polymCT science and engineering. CHIPS, Weimar, TX Peabody W (2001) Peabody s control of pipeline corrosion, 2nd edn. NACE International, Houston, TX... 

Michael J. Szeliga, Stray current corrosion, in Peabody s Control of Pipeline Corrosion, 2nd edition, R. L. Bianchetti, editor, NACE International, Houston, Texas, 2001, pp. 211-236. 

S] Papavinasam, S., Revie, R. W., Attard, M., Demoz, A., Sun, H., Donini, J. C., and Michaelian, K., "Inhibitor Selection for Internal Corrosion Control of Pipelines 1. Laboratoty Methodologies, CORROSlON/99, NACE Annual Conference 1999, Paper No. 1. 

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