Norpinic acid

Raymond and Pandis in two separate smdies experimentally determined the CCN activities of various single-component organic particles [169] and internally mixed, multicomponent particles [168] such as glutaric acid, adipic acid, pinonic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, cholesterol, pinic acid, norpinic acid, hexadecane, hexadecanol, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid with sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate in the latter smdy. Their results are sununarized in Table 8 and Fig. 5. 

The ozonolysis of the monoterpenes, biogenic species of molecular formula CioHm (e.g., a- and /3-pinene), provides a significant source of secondary organic aerosol. A number of multi-functional organic acids, such as norpinic acid from j8-pinene ozonolysis, and pinonic acid and pinic acid from a-pinene ozonolysis, have been conclusively identified as components of the organic aerosol formed (e.g., Presto et al., 2005 and references therein). As summarized in table VI-F-1, these acidic species possess very low vapor pressures (typically < 10 " Pa at 298 K, Bilde and Pandis, 2001), and thus have a strong tendency to partition to the condensed phase, where they are removed via depositional processes. The low vapor pressures preclude any studies of their gas-phase kinetics. However, the structure-activity relations (SARs) of Kwok and Atkinson (1995) can be used to estimate rate coefficients of about (1-5) xl0 cm ... 

C8H12H4, fran -Norpinic acid S, 770 C9H11O3, Norpinonic acid S, 770, 1525 C9H15O4, Pinic acid S, 770, 1525 C10H14O2, cw-Pinonic acid S, 770, 1525 CioHi604,10-Hydroxypinonic acid S, 770... 

The (S)-/ -Phe or (S)-/ -Tyr substructures of several spermidine alkaloids from plants, for example (S)-periphylline 43 [100, 101] or the spermine derivatives (S)-verbascenine 51 [101], aphelandrine 52 [102], chaenorhine 56 [103] and chae-norpine [104], hint at Michael addition of the biogenic amine to cinnamic acid 48 (or some oxidized equivalent, e.g. 49) within the /7-amino amide-forming step... 

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