Terrestrial vegetation

Predicting the effect of the terrestrial vegetation response to C02-induced climate change for a particular site involves explicit treatment of feedbacks. These are diagramed in Figure 3. The balance between decomposition + autotrophic respiration and gross primary production (GPP) determines the net storage and release of carbon to atmosphere. Climate meets each of these... 

Our understanding of seasonal and interannual variation in global terrestrial vegetation dynamics is, however, very sketchy at present. Ecosystem respiration measurements have been made for various soil-vegetation types for variable lengths of time Relationships between ecosystem respiration and weather data have been derived from these data for four major biomes 88), However, additional systematic collection of field respiration measurements would be necessary for placing much confidence in such a relationship. 

Rodin, L. Y. Bazilevich, N. I. Production and Mineral Cycling in Terrestrial Vegetation Oliver and Boyd Edinburgh, UK, 1967. 

Another model, first introduced by Moore, et al. (2i), was used to examine the role of terrestrial vegetation and the global carbon cycle, but did not include an ocean component. This model depended on estimates of carbon pool size and rates of CO2 uptake and release. This model has been used to project the effect of forest clearing and land-use change on the global carbon cycle (22, 23, 24). 

Jurassic 195 Myr Two large continents form Laurasia (north) and Gondwana (south). Dinosaurs diversify first birds and mammals evolve gymnosperms dominate terrestrial vegetation ammonites radiate into diverse forms... 

Myneni, R. B., Los, S. O. and Asrar, G. (1995). Potential gross primary productivity of terrestrial vegetation from 1982-1990, Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 2617-2620. 

Parallel (multidimensional) measurements of size- or chemically selected particles permit the simultaneous resolution of biogenic material from fossil sources (14C), discrimination between certain fossil sources and between marine and terrestrial vegetation (13C), and partial separation of agricultural burning sources (K/Fe). The term iMu represents the fraction of modern C based on standard Slk 813C represents the deviation (per mil) of the 13C/12C ratio from standard Sls (2). 

In terrestrial vegetation, molybdenum and sulfur interfere with copper-induced deficiencies (Gupta 1979). Copper poisoning in cattle and other ruminants is governed by dietary concentrations of molybdenum and sulfate (Lewis et al. 1967 Todd 1969 Buckley and Tait 1981 Eisler 1989). Molybdenum and sulfur in mammalian diets cause a decrease in the availability of copper because of the formation of the biologically unavailable copper-thiomolybdate complex (Aaseth and Norseth 1986). Cattle die when grazing for extended periods on pastures where the ratio of copper to molybdenum... 

In terrestrial vegetation, copper is usually less than 35 mg/kg DW except near smelters, where it may approach 700 mg/kg DW, and in copper-accumulator plants that may normally contain as much as 13,700 mg/kg DW (Table 3.3). In aquatic vegetation, copper is elevated in metals-con-taminated water bodies, reaching concentrations as high as 1350 mg/kg DW in eelgrass (Zostera spp.) from contaminated bays vs. 36 mg/kg DW in conspecifics from reference sites (Table 3.3). 

Copper is toxic to sensitive species of terrestrial vegetation at >40 pg/L nutrient solution (seedlings of pines, Pirns spp.), at >10 mg/kg DW leaves (cucumber, Cucumis sativus), and >60 mg extractable Cu/kg DW soil (sweet orange, Citrus sinensis Table 3.4). Among sensitive species of terrestrial invertebrates, adverse effects on survival, growth, or reproduction occur at 2 pg Cu/cm2 on paper discs (earthworms), >50 mg Cu/kg diet (larvae of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar), and 53 to 70 mg Cu/kg DW soil (earthworms and soil nematodes Table 3.4). 

Lichen, Umbilicaria sp. whole 16 km vs. 90 km from nickel smelter Terrestrial vegetation Hyperaccumulator plants Most species Vegetables... 

CROPS AND OTHER TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION Plant residues... 

Terrestrial invertebrates vs. terrestrial vegetation 207Bi, 44Ce, 37Cs Co MMn... 

ABSTRACT The locations, magnitudes, variations and mechanisms responsible for the atmospheric C02 sink are uncertain and under debate. Previous studies concentrated mainly on oceans, and soil and terrestrial vegetation as sinks. Here, we show that there is an important C02 sink in carbonate dissolution, the global water cycle and photosynthetic uptake of DIC by aquatic ecosystems. The sink constitutes up to 0.82 Pg C/a 0.24 Pg C/a is delivered to oceans via rivers and 0.22 Pg C/a by meteoric precipitation, 0.12 Pg C/a is returned to the atmosphere, and 0.23 Pg C/a is stored in the continental aquatic ecosystem. The net sink could be as much as 0.70 Pg C/a, may increase with intensification of the global water cycle, increase in C02 and carbonate dust in atmosphere, reforestation/afforestation, and with fertilization of aquatic ecosystems. Under the projection of global warming for the year 2100, it is estimated that this C02 sink may increase by 22%, or about 0.18 Pg c/a. 

Previous studies addressed oceans and terrestrial vegetation as C02 sinks. Here, we describe an important C02 sink in carbonate dissolution, the global water cycle (GWC), and uptake of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by aquatic. The sink is larger than previous estimates (Meybeck 1993 Gombert 2002). 

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