Pigments in ink

Prussian Blue. Reaction of [Fe(CN)3] with an excess of aqueous h on(Ill) produces the finely divided, intensely blue precipitate Pmssian Blue [1403843-8] (tetrairon(Ill) tris(hexakiscyanoferrate)), Fe4[Fe(CN)3]. Pmssian Blue is identical to Turnbull s Blue, the name which originally was given to the material produced by reaction of [Fe(CN)3] with excess aqueous h on(Il). The soHd contains or has absorbed on its surface a large and variable number of water molecules, potassium ions (if present in the reaction), and h on(Ill) oxide. The h on(Il) centers are low spin and diamagnetic h on(Ill) centers are high spin. Variations of composition and properties result from variations in reaction conditions. Rapid precipitation in the presence of potassium ion affords a colloidal suspension of Pmssian Blue [25869-98-1] which has the approximate composition KFe[Fe(CN)3]. Pmssian Blue compounds are used as pigments in inks and paints and its formation on sensitized paper is utilized in the production of blueprints. 

Cadmium sulfate (CdS), also called orange cadmium, is used to produce phosphors and fluorescent screens. It is also used as a pigment in inks and paints, to color ceramics glazes, in the manufacture of transistors in electronics, photovoltaic cells, and solar cells, and in fireworks. 

Carbon is an important reinforcing agent for various elastomers. It is used in tires (71%) and other elastomers (22%). Miscellaneous applications (7%) include its use as a black pigment in inks and paints. 

Carbon black, initially used as pigment in ink, has the longest history of all the materials discussed in this book. It was produced in China about 3000 B.C. and exported to Japan around 500 A.D. But only in the last 50 years has the technological development in both carbon black production and processing of rubber and polymers resulted in the tremendous variety of products which we know today. 

Chem. Descrip. Acryiate ester of bisphenoFA epoxy resin Uses Epoxy-acrylic tor It. industrial/architectural coatings, adhesives tor metal, plastic, wood, paper, and paperboard prods. binder tor glass and nonwoven fabrics dispersion vehicle tor pigments in inks Features UV/EB curable... 

Chem. Descrip. Acrylate ester of epoxidized soya oil Uses Disp. vehicle tor pigments in inks and It. industrial/architectural coatings... 

Zinc oxide (1849) (Chinese white, flowers of zinc, and zinc white) n. ZnO. Pigment white 4 (77947). An amorphous white or yellowish powder, used as a pigment in inks, rubber, paint, and plastics for mildew resistance and film reinforcing properties. It is said to have the greatest power to absorb ultraviolet light of all commercially available pigments. 

The synthetic isoparaffins are suitable solvents for alkyd and acrylic paint formulations. These virtually odorless solvents and their low surface tensions offer improved flow and wetting properties to the paints. The excellent wetting characteristics of these solvents are desirable in formulations such as furniture polishes, car polishes, and waterless hand cleaners. The low surface tension of these solvents reduces the amount of surfactants needed in emulsified products and affords improved wetting of pigments in ink and coating formulations. The isoparaffins are used as an inert process solvent in the manufacture of polyolefins and certain rubbers. In the slurry polymerization process the isoparaffins afford solvency for the Ziegler-type catalyst and the ethylene monomer, but no solvency for the polyolefin polymer product. 

Carbon black is mostly an aciniform (grape-like cluster) particulate, which is produced by the incomplete combustion of oil. The current worldwide production is 8.1 million tonnes per year. It is very common as a pigment in inks and toners, and as a functional filler in tires and rubber products (ICBA 2008). 

Commercially available. Pigment in inks and paints. Used for photometric detn. of S20g . Bright blue microcryst. with purple lustre. Stable towards heat, alkali, dil. acid. Dec. by hot HNO3. Sol. 98% H2SO4 insol. H2O, EtOH, hydrocarbons. d-form... 

Toners ate full strength undiluted pigments used to strengthen tinctorially weak batches of pigments. Occasionally, dyes ate utilized as toners. The most common pigments used in ink manufacture ate as foUows. 

Black Pigments. The only black pigment used to an appreciable extent in inks is carbon black It is used in newsprinting, pubHcation, commercial and packaging printing therefore, in large quantities. Black pigments ate offered in fluffy or beaded forms and in a variety of particle sizes and physical properties. 

White Pigments. Opaque white pigments commonly used in inks, in order of decreasing opacity, ate titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. TiO is by fat the most popular white pigment. Mixtures of whites ate often made with the various colored pigments to add opacity or to make pastel colors. 

Transparent white pigments (extenders) commonly used in inks, in order of decreasing transparency, ate alumina hydrate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, blanc fixe (precipitated barium sulfate), talc, and clay. Extenders ate sometimes used to reduce the color strength and change the theology of inks. 

It is used in high grade industrial paints and, in combination with high performance pigments, in automotive finishes. The transparent type which is tinctoriaHy strong finds appHcations in a variety of printing inks. 

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