High performance pigments

It is used in high grade industrial paints and, in combination with high performance pigments, in automotive finishes. The transparent type which is tinctoriaHy strong finds appHcations in a variety of printing inks. 

Anthrapyrimidines. Anthrapyrimidines are yellow vat dyes and exhibit good fastness. Cl Vat Yellow 20 [4216-01 -7] (5) (Cl 68420) is the only example that is currendy produced. The production method is shown in the following scheme. This compound is also used as a high performance organic pigment (Cl Pigment Yellow 108). 

Among these dye classes, anthraquiaone dyes are ia an important position ia reactive dyes and vat dyes for cellulose fibers, disperse dyes for polyester, and acid dyes for polyamide. Application for high performance organic pigments for plastics and paints are also important areas. 

Garrido, J.L., Zapata, M., and Muniz, S., Spectral characterization of new chlorophyll c pigments isolated from Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae) by high performance liquid chromatography, J. Physiol., 31, 761, 1995. 

Taylor, S.J. and McDowell, I.J., Determination of the curcuminoid pigments in turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val) by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, Chmmatographia, 34, 73, 1992. 

Shack, D., Engel, U., and Reznik, H., High performance liquid chromatography of hetalains and its application to pigment analysis in Aizoaceae und Cactaceae, Ztschr. PflanzenphysioL, 101, 215, 1981. 

Vanheukelem, L. et al., Improved separations of phytoplankton pigment using temperature-controlled high-performance liquid chromatography. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 14, 303, 1994. 

Mantoura, R.F.C. and Llewellyn, C.A., The rapid determination of algal chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments and their breakdown products in natural waters by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, A a/. Chim. Acta, 151, 297, 1983. 

Schwartz, S.J. and Von Elbe, J.H., Qnantitative determination of individual betacyanin pigments by high-performance hquid chromatography, J. Agric. Food Chem., 28,540, 1980. 

Saito, K., A new enzymatic method for extraction of precarthamin from dyer s saffron (Carthamus tinctorius) florets, Z. Lebensmitt. Untersuch. Forsch., 197, 34, 1993. Cserhati, T. et ah. Separation and quantitation of colour pigments of chili powder (Capsicum frutescens) by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 896, 69, 2000. 

Morita et al. [69] optimized the mobile phase composition using the PRISMA model for rapid and economic determination of synthetic red pigments in cosmetics and medicines. The PRISMA model has been effective in combination with a super modihed simplex method for fadhtating optimization of the mobile phase in high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). 

H.M. Smith (ed.), High Performance Pigments, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2002). 

Figure 9.2 Chemical structures of some high-performance azo pigments...

Carbonyl pigments of a variety of types may also be classed as high-performance products. These include some anthraquinones, quinac-ridones, perylenes, perinones, isoindolines and diketopyrrolopyrroles. The chemistry of these groups of colorant is discussed in Chapter 4. Some representative examples of chemical structures of important high-performance carbonyl pigments are illustrated in Figure 9.4. 

Figure 9.4 Chemical structures of a range of high-performance carbonyl pigments...

Other chemical types of high-performance organic pigments are exemplified by the tetrachloroisoindolinone 222 (C. I. Pigment Yellow 110) and the dioxazine 223 (Carbazole Violet, C. I. Pigment Violet 23). Considerable research has been carried out in an attempt to exploit the potential of metal complex chemistry to provide high-performance pig-... 

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