Photovoltaic power station

A photovoltaic power station in which solar radiation is converted into electricity. (Powerplants around the world photo gallery landing page, http //www.industcards.com/ppworld.htm)... 

Barra L, Goiante D (1993) Hydrogen-photovoltaic standalone power stations A sizing method. Int J Hydrogen Energy 18 337-344... 

On principle, renewable energies are without operational primary energy raw materials per se, their conversion technologies are one and all - such as the wind energy converter, the photovoltaic cell, the hydro turbine, the heat pump, the biomass converter, or the solar-thermal power station. 

Autonomous power systems can be based on renewable energy (RE) units, such as wind turbines, photovoltaic systems or small hydro power stations and fossil-fuel generators. Due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy, storage devices and/or appropriate demand management strategies are necessary when conventional generators are not included in the system. 

Among other topics, HYSOLAR analyzed the potential for decentralized power stations with integrated renewable energy features for remote areas and the economics of hybrid, conventional diesel, and fluctuating renewable energy systems (photovoltaic and wind). HYSOLAR s researchers produced more than 150 publications. 

Silicon photovoltaic cells, although more efficient, are expensive to produce and would have to cover large land masses in order to produce sufficient quantities of solar-powered electricity. For example, to replace the 2000 MW power station at Didcot, Oxfordshire in the UK with photovoltaic solar cells would require a land area of about 16 km. ... 

Solar Power Satellite - A solar power station investigated by NASA that entailed a satellite in geosynchronous orbit that would consist of a very large array of solar photovoltaic modules that would convert solar generated electricity to microwaves and beam them to a fixed point on the earth. 

Solar energy. With respect to solar radiation of <0.2 kW/m, large absorption areas (photovoltaic) or large mirrors (solar power station) are necessary. 

Energy Flows in Ecology and in the Economy Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes Holography Lasers Photovoltaic System Design Solar Thermal Power Stations... 

The photovoltaic power subsystem for the International Space Station will use Ni-H2 batteries for energy storage to support eclipse and contingency operations. These batteries... 

For commercial solar-thermal power plants, construction costs are estimated to be twice those associated with a modem coal power station and three times the costs of a gas power station. Commercial solar-photovoltaic power plants cost between 0.20/kWh and 0.60/kWh (compared to the cost of 0.035-0.060/kWh for a coal-fired power station and 0.040-0.063/kWh for a gas-fired power station) [14]. 

Several aspects must be considered for a comparison of energy sources that generate electricity. The first one is the quantity of carbon dioxide equivalent/kWh rejected by energy sources. Figure 1.3 shows the relationship between the CO2 production and the reaction (response time) for a number of electric power suppliers [11]. It is evident that the response time of nuclear plant (48 h) is bigger than hydro-electric dam or renewable systems such as wind mill and photovoltaic (few seconds). In the middle are the electric power stations using coal, oil or gas. 

Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells, which convert incident solar radiation directly into electrical energy, today represent the most common power source for Earth-orbiting spacecraft, such as the International Space Station, where a photovoltaic engineering testbed (PET) is actually assembled on the express pallet. The solid-state photovoltaics, based on gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, or silicon, prove capable, even if to different extents and with... 

The use of fuel cells on the Gemini series (and all subsequent) space flights run by NASA is well known. However, there are no diurnal variations of solar light in space, so that photovoltaics can provide the power for most space stations (as in the Russian Mir ) and on longer space flights. 

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