Renewable energy systems

Kanase-Patil AB, Saini RP, Sharma MP. Integrated renewable energy systems for off grid rural electrification of remote area. Renewable Energy. 2010 35(6) 1342-1349. DOL10.1016/j. renene. 2009.10. 005. 

The carbon footprint of electricity generation through RES (Renewable Energy Systems) are described in this section. Elydro-electricity is described first, and then wind power, followed by bioenergy systems and solar energy. 

Lund, EL Moller, B. Mathiesen, B.V. Dyrelund, A. The role of district heating in future renewable energy systems. Energy 2010, 35,1381-1390. 

The Hydrogen Research Institute in Canada has developed and tested a stand-alone renewable energy system composed of a 10 kW wind turbine, a 1 kWpeak photovoltaic array, a 5 kW alkaline electrolyzer, and a 5 kW PEM fuel cell. The components of the system are electrically integrated on a 48 V DC bus [50]. 

Agbossou K., Kolhe M.L., Hamelin J., Bernier E., Bose T.K., Electrolytic hydrogen based renewable energy system with oxygen recovery and re-utilisation, Ren. Energ., 29,1305-1318, 2004. 

The future research in the field of hydrogenase engineering would give a considerable progress in development of both renewable energy systems and molecular microsystems for medicine, electronics, analytical chemistry etc. 

Renewable Energy System by Biological Solar Energy Conversion... 

Agbossou A., Hamelin J., Chatline R. (2000). Fuel cell and hydrogen storage for stand alone renewable energy system. International Journal of Renewable Energy Engineering, 2(3), pp. 254-259. 

Forsberg, C. (2006), Assessment of Nuclear-hydrogen Synergies with Renewable Energy Systems and Coal Liquefaction Processes, ORNL/TM-2006/114, August. 

The major drawback of the renewable energy systems is, at least now, in too high specific energy investment costs. For example, nowadays the paying-back term of the industrial solar panels is compatible with their operation lifetime, and, in some cases even exceeds the latter. That is why the solutions allowing to utilise the renewable energy by the more efficient way are in the great demand. 

Cotrell J, Pratt W, (2003). Modeling the Feasibility of Using Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines in Remote Renewable Energy Systems NREL Technical Review... 

Agbossou K, Chahine R, Hamelin J, Laurencelle F, Anouar A, St-Amaud JM, Bose TK (2001). Renewable energy systems based on hydrogen for remote applications. Journal of Power Sources 96 168-172... 

Deshmukh MK, Deshmukh SS. Modeling of hybrid renewable energy systems. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 2008 12(1) 235-49. 

Knowledge of the optical properties of materials in relation to the solar spectrum is also important in measuring broadband solar radiation. For instance, a pyranome ter used to monitor total solar radiation for a renewable energy system has a spectral response (due to the special glass dome protecting the detector) that does not respond to the thermal infrared radiation of the sky beyond 3000 nm, as shown in Fig. 15. Flowever, there will be thermal infrared radiation exchanged between the radiometer and the sky dome, which will influence the measurement performance of the pyranometer.9... 

---