Photometric detection, capillary

Jiang GB, Xu FZ, Zhang FJ (1999) Dioctyltin and tributyltin detection at trace levels in water and beverages by capillary gas chromatography with flame photometric detection. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 363(3) 256-260. 

Stan H-J, Mrowetz D. 1983. Residue analysis of organophosphorus pesticides in food with 2-dimensional gas chromatography using capillary columns and flame photometric detection. J High Resol Chromatog Chromatog Comm 6 255-263. 

Weston, A., Brown, P. R., Jandik, P., Heckenberg, A. L., and Jones, W. R., Optimization of detection sensitivity in the analysis of inorganic cations by capillary ion electrophoresis using indirect photometric detection,. Chromatogr., 608, 395, 1992. 

Shi, H., Zhang, R., Chandrasekher, G., and Ma, Y., Simultaneous detection and quantitation of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in ocular lenses by high-performance capillary electrophoresis with indirect photometric detection, ]. Chromatogr. A, 680, 653 1994. 

Owing to the short path length, the sensitivity of photometric detection in CE is limited. For this reason, procedures are necessary to enhance the sensitivity. This can be achieved by sample pre-concentration, improvement of the optical design and/or alternative capillary geometries [66]. Sample pre-concentration can be done off- or on-column. The off-column procedures are well described in the literature and have been applied extensively in chromatography [67]. The on-column procedures are more specific to CE and are therefore briefly discussed. 

Muller [76] has described a gas chromatographic method for the determination of tributyltin compounds in sediments. The tributyltin compounds are first converted to tributylmethyltin by reaction with ethyl magnesium bromide, and then analysed using capillary gas chromatography with flame photometric detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Tributyltin was found in samples of sediment and these results demonstrated that the technique has detection limits of less than 0.5pg L 1. 

Jamali, B., and Nielsen, H. M. (2003). Development and validation of a capillary electrophoresis-indirect photometric detection method for the determination of the non-UV-absorbing 1,4-dideoxy-l,4-imino-d-arabinitol in active pharmaceutical ingredients, solutions and tablets using an internal standard. J. Chromatogr. A 996(1—2), 213-223. 

Foret, R, Fanali, S., Ossicini, L., and Bocek, P. (1989). Indirect photometric detection in capillary zone electrophoresis. /. Chromatogr. 470, 299—308. 

Johns, C., Macka, M., and Haddad, P. R. (2003). Enhancement of detection sensitivity for indirect photometric detection of anions and cations in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 24, 2150-2167. 

Fig. 3. Trace determination of some inorganic and organic anions in pure water, after an electrophoretic enrichment at 5 kV for 45 s with an addition of 75 p,M octanesulfonate to the sample [42]. The electrolyte 10 mM sodium chromate and 0.5 mM OFM-BT (a surfactant used as the EOF modifier), adjusted to pH 8 with sulfuric acid 15 kV 60 cmX75 fjim I.D. capillary, distance to detector, 52 cm UV photometric detection at 254 nm. Anions (concentrations in mg/1) 1, chloride (3.5) 2, sulfate (4.8) 3, nitrate (6.2) 4, oxalate (5) 5, fluoride (1.9) 6, formate (5) 7, phosphate (3.2) 8, acetate (5) 9, propionate (5).

Jiang, G.B. and F.C. Adams. 1997. Direct determination of trimethylgermanium in water by on-column capillary gas chromatography with flame photometric detection using quartz surface-induced germanium emission. J. Chromatogr. A 759 119-125. 

Ion chromatography can be used to measure ionic concentrations in solution. It requires a fairly large amount of solvent and usually a suppressor column to neutralize the acidity prior to detection by conductivity. For analytical purposes, most analyses previously performed by ion chromatography are now performed using capillary electrophoresis. However, Katagi et al. used ion chromatography with indirect photometric detection to analyze for nerve agents and hydrolysis products in human serum (8). 

Capillary electrophoresis with flame photometric detection (CE/FPD) (10). 

Capillary Electrophoresis with Flame Photometric Detection Chemical Weapons Convention Extracted Ion Chromatogram Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry Electrospray Ionization Flow Injection Analysis Flame Photometric Detector Gas Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Gas chromatography International Union for Pure and... 

C.E. Kientz, E.W.J. Hooijschuur and U.A.Th. Brinkman, Capillary electrophoresis coupled online with flame photometric detection determination of alkylphosphonic acids, J. Microcol. Sep., 9, 253-259 (1997). 

E.W. Hooijschuur, C.E. Kientz and U.A. Brink-man, Application of microcolumn liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis with flame photometric detection for the screening of degradation products of chemical warfare agents in water and soil, J. Chromatogr. A, 928, 187-199 (2001). 

A. R. Ivanov, I. V. Nazimov, and L. Baratova, Determination of biologically-active low-molecular-mass thiols in human blood. II. High-performance capillary electrophoresis with photometric detection, J. Chromatogr. A 895, 167-171 (2000). 

T. L. Wang and S. F. Y. Li (1998). Separation of synthetic inorganic polymers of condensed phosphates by capillary gel electrophoresis with indirect photometric detection. J. Chromatog. A, 802, 159-165. 

Markuszewski, M.J., Szczykowska, M., Siluk, D., Kaliszan, R. Human red blood cells targeted metabolome analysis of glycolysis cycle metabolites by capillary electrophoresis using an indirect photometric detection method. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 39, 636-642 (2005)... 

Marsh DB, Nuttall KL. Methylmalonic acid in clinical urine specimens by capillary zone electrophoresis using indirect photometric detection. J Cap Elec 1995 2 63-7. 

S. A. Shamsi and N. D. Danielson, Naphthalenesulfonates as electrolytes for capillary electrophoresis of inorganic anions, organic acids, and surfactants with indirect photometric detection. 

Yarabe, H.H., S.A. Shamsi, and I.M. Warner. 1998. Capillary zone electrophoresis of bile adds with indired photometric detection. Anal. Chem. 70 1412-1418. 

Thurbide, K.B. and Anderson, C.D. (2003) Flame photometric detection inside of a capillary gas chromatography column. Analyst, 128 (6), 616-622. 

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