Phosphate concentration, effect

The phosphates are effective only in small concentrations. Phosphate treated muds are subject to several limitations ... 

Corrosion may be especially rapid under existing deposits where amine is absent and the pH level is lower than that of the bulk water, as incongruent phosphate effects and concentrating effects further contribute to the problem. 

Equilibrium phosphate concentration theory refutes the concept of blanket control determined by boiler pressure and operates each boiler system on a case-by-case basis. It seeks to strenuously avoid hideout-related problems and the subsequent risks of misdiagnosis. Operators are encouraged to explore the maximum operating tolerances before phosphate destabilization takes effect and hideout results, and to ensure... 

Phosphates are effective only in small concentrations. The mud temperature must be less than 55° C. The salt contamination must be less than 500 ppm sodium chloride. The concentration of calcium ions should be kept... 

GM Irwin, GJ Dodson, LJ Ravin. Encapsulation of clomacron phosphate I. Effect of fiowability of powder blends, lot-to-lot variability, and concentration of active ingredient on weight variation of capsules filled on an automatic capsule filling machine. J Pharm Sci 59 547-550, 1970. 

The first phosphatase step is very important FBPase converts fructose,1-6-bisphos-phate into fructose-6-phosphate under allosteric control of several factors but during fasting, glucagon-induced regulation is crucial. One effect of glucagon stimulation of liver cells is to reduce the concentration of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, an isomer that activates PFK-1 and is itself synthesized by PFK-2 when fructose-6-phosphate concentration rises... 

Depth profiles from the eastern tropical North Pacific (Figure 24.8) show the effects of nitrogen metabolism under 02-deficient conditions. The thermocline is characterized by a sharp decline in O2 concentrations that coincides with increasing nitrate and phosphate concentrations. The oxycline is produced by the respiration of sinking POM under vertically stagnant conditions. Below the oxycline, in depths where O2 concentrations are suboxic, phosphate concentrations continue to increase, but at a slower rate. In contrast, nitrate concentrations decline and reach a mid-water minimum that coincides with a nitrite maximum. The latter is referred to as the secondary nitrite maximum. (At this site the primary nitrite maximum is located at 50 m.)... 

We realize that there are a number of factors in addition to temperature that influence the % alcohol response of the wine sugar content, pressure, magnesium concentration in the fruit, phosphate concentration in the fruit, presence of natural bacteria, etc. Although we strive to keep as many of these factors as controlled and therefore as constant as we can (e.g., pressure), we have no control over many of the other factors, especially those associated with the fruit (see Section 1.2). However, even though we do not have control over these factors, it is nonetheless reasonable to expect that whatever the % alcohol response is at 23°C, the % alcohol response at 27°C should increase for each of the fruits in our study if temperature has a significant effect. That is, if we are willing to make the assumption that there are no interactions between the factor of interest to us (temperature) and the other factors that influence the system, the differences in responses at 27°C and 23°C should be about the same for each pair of experiments carried out on the same fruit. 

The polypeptide parathormone is released from the parathyroid glands when plasma Ca + level falls. It stimulates osteoclasts to increase bone resorption in the kidneys, it promotes calcium reabsorption, while phosphate excretion is enhanced. As blood phosphate concentration diminishes, the tendency of calcium to precipitate as bone mineral decreases. By stimulating the formation of vit D hormone, parathormone has an indirect effect on the enteral uptake of Ca + and phosphate. In parathormone deficiency, vitamin D can be used as a substitute that unlike parathormone, is effective orally. 

Figure 5 shows the effect of phosphate concentration on crystallization rate Rg. Crystallization rate was obtained by weighing seeds in the reactor periodically, in which phosphate concentration drop in the bed was low enough, not to produce concentration distribution, by making the depth of the bed thin. Solubility of hydroxyapatite is so low, that the influent phosphate concentration is equal to super saturation dC. As shown in Figure 5, crystallization rate was proportional to 1.1th order of supersaturation. 

The aim of this work is to study the incorporation of cadmium and phosphate in the three calcium sulfate modifications. The uptake of other metal ions in AH will also be described. Kinetic effects of operating conditions such as the residence time, sulfuric acid and phosphate concentration upon the phosphate and cadmium uptake has been investigated. In addition the influence of a growth retarding impurity, AIF3, on the cadmium and phosphate uptake will be given. 

The changes in calvarial phosphatase activities observed in animals treated with 25-(OH)D3 are totally different from those obtained with either 1.25-(OH)2D3 or 24.25—(OH)2D3. This fact indicates that physiological doses of 25-(OH)D3 may have an effect on cellular activity, independent of the conversion of this metabolite into these dihydroxyderivatives. The various effects of these vitamin D3 metabolites cannot be correlated with changes in serum calcium and/or phosphate concentrations. Among those factors other than serum calcium and phosphate concentrations that may be involved in the mechanism of action of vitamin D3 metabolites on bone phosphatase activities, the parathyroid hormone is of importance. This hormone is known to be a potent activator of bone phosphatases223,224,228. Parathormone increases the content of alkaline, neutral and acid phosphatases in mouse calvaria in vitro. Calcitonin does not prevent the increase of those enzymes while dichloromethylene diphosphonate causes a decrease in acid phosphatase and pyrophosphatase226. ... 

Figure 9-7 (A) Effect of glucose and glucose 6-phosphate concentrations on reaction rate of yeast hexokinase at equilibrium. Reaction mixtures contain 1-2.2 mM ATP, and 25.6 mM ADP at pH 6.5. From Fromm et al.51 (B) Effect of lactate and pyruvate concentrations on equilibrium reaction rates of rabbit muscle lactate dehydrogenase. Reaction mixtures contained 1.7 mM NAD+, and 30 - 46 pM NADH in Tris-nitrate buffer, pH 7.9, 25°C. From Silverstein and Boyer.53...

Barrow, N. J., and Shaw, T. C. (1975). The slow reactions between soil and anions. II. Effect of time and temperature on the decrease in phosphate concentration in the soil solution. Soil Sci. 119, 167-177. 

The strong dissolution effects on heavy metals of increasing phosphate concentrations in river water (Fig. 8-19) indicate the strong remobilization effects which result from complex formation. This tendency for complex formation with triphosphates is also described in the literature [GMELIN, 1965]. Increasing the concentration of phosphate in water from 0.38 to 0.68 mg L 1 increases the iron concentration by 648 pg L 1 in water in contact with sediment in which the iron concentration is 16220 mg kg ... 

Fig. 8-19. PLS modeling of the effect of varying the phosphate concentration on heavy metal distribution coefficients...

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