Phosphatase, alkaline, abnormalities

Antithyroid drags have several side effects. The most frequent side effects are maculopapular rashes, pruritus, urticaria, fever, arthralgia and swelling of the joints. They occur in 1-5% of patients [1, 2]. Loss of scalp hair, gastrointestinal problems, elevations of bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase and abnormalities of taste and smell are less common. The incidence of all these untoward reactions is similar with MMI and PTU. Side effects of MMI are dose-related, whereas those of PTU are less clearly related to dose [1]. PTU may cause slight transient increases of serum aminotransferase and y-glutamyl transpeptidase concentrations but also severe hq atotoxicity whereas methimazole or carbimazole can be associated with cholestasis. The side... 

Engel WK, Cunningham GG. (1970) Alkaline phosphatase-positive abnormal muscle fibers of humans. J Histochem Cytochem 18, 55-57. 

Pa.g et s Disease of Bone. Paget s disease, osteitis deformans, occurs mainly ia people over 40. About twice as many men as women are affected. The disease, caused by faulty utilisation of may be mild and asymptomatic requiring Httle or no treatment. Clinical signs are high alkaline phosphatase and high urine hydroxyproline as weU as abnormal bone stmcture which usually goes unrecognised until discovered accidentally by routine x-ray examination (32). 

Aplastic anemia and leukemia are not the only health effects ascribed to benzene exposure. A number of recent studies have associated benzene exposure with chromosomal changes (aberrations) (118). Other studies have shown abnormalities in porphyrin metabolism and decrease in leucocyte alkaline phosphatase activity in apparendy healthy workers exposed to 10—20 ppm benzene (119,120). Increases in leukoagglutinins, as well as increases in blood fibrinolytic activity, have also been reported and are believed to be responsible for the persistent hemorrhages in chronic benzene poisoning (121,122). 

The Group II (biliary tract) enzymes are abnormal usually when the serum bilirubin concentration is also abnormal. Most commonly used is alkaline phosphatase which is a highly sensitive indicator of biliary tract obstruction, perhaps because the enzyme is synthesized as an induced response to obstruction of even small bile ducts. Most techniques used to identify the origin of an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase are not very useful from a clinical viewpoint (23). The simultaneous measurement of GMT activity has been found to be useful in differentiating between the hepatic and bony origin of alkaline phosphatase. An increased GMT activity in a patient with an increased ALP activity is a good indication that there is biliary biliary tract disease (62,63). 

Liver Fever, lethargy, change in color or quantity of bile in patients w/ biliary T-tube, graft tenderness and swelling, back pain, anorexia, ileus, tachycardia, jaundice, ascites, encephalopathy Abnormal LFTs, increased bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, transaminases, biopsy positive for mononuclear cell infiltrate with evidence of tissue damage... 

Adverse reactions occurring in 3% or more of patients include the following abnormal lab tests, back pain, flu syndrome, headache, hemoptysis, hypotension, increased alkaline phosphatase, increased cough, increased GGT, insomnia, muscle cramps, nausea, palpitations, pneumonia, syncope, tongue pain, trismus, vasodilation (flushing), vomiting. 

Lab test abnormalities Propranolol may elevate blood urea levels in patients with severe heart disease. Propranolol and metoprolol may cause elevated serum transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and LDH. 

L/Verft/ncf/on-Abnormal elevations of AST, ALT, LDH, bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase have occurred, and are usually reversible on drug discontinuation. Perform periodic liver function studies and terminate therapy if abnormalities persist. 

Lab test abnormalities Elevations of AST, ALT, bilirubin, and LDH have been noted in patients receiving semisynthetic penicillins (particularly oxacillin) such reactions are more common in infants. Elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase and hypernatremia and reduction in serum potassium, albumin, total proteins, and uric acid may occur. 

Adverse reactions occurring in at least 3% of patients include diarrhea, headache, lab test abnormalities (hemoglobin, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, and lipase), nausea, upper respiratory infection, and vomiting. 

Adverse reactions occurring in at least 3% of patients included the following abnormal vision, alkaline phosphatase increased, ALT/AST increased, chills, fever, hallucinations, headache, hepatic enzymes increased, liver function test abnormal, nausea, peripheral edema, photophobia, rash, vomiting. 

Transient abnormalities in liver function tests (eg, elevation in serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, serum transaminases), and reduced biliary excretion of contrast media used for visualization of the gallbladder have also been observed. Drug/Food interactions Food interferes with the absorption of rifampin, possibly resulting in decreased peak plasma concentrations. Take on an empty stomach with a full glass of water. 

The slight abnormalities In SGOT after exposure to CHT might have represented Idiosyncratic hepatic reactions to the chemical. Complete recovery Is likely. The increase in alkaline phosphatase and the decrease In hemoglobin after CHT exposure are difficult to relate to the exposure. 

Mydriasis may occur and may precipitate an attack of acute glaucoma in some patients. Other reported but rare adverse effects include various blood dyscrasias a positive Coombs test with evidence of hemolysis hot flushes aggravation or precipitation of gout abnormalities of smell or taste brownish discoloration of saliva, urine, or vaginal secretions priapism and mild—usually transient—elevations of blood urea nitrogen and of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin. 

In addition to the classical symptoms of zinc deficiency mentioned above, the following unusual conditions have been reported liver and spleen enlargement, abnormal dark adaptation and abnormalities of taste. Several laboratory procedures for diagnosing zinc deficiency are available. Measurement of zinc levels in plasma is useful in certain cases. Levels of zinc in the red cells and hair may be used for assessment of body zinc status. More accurate and useful parameters are neutrophil zinc determination and quantitative assay of alkaline phosphatase activity in neutrophils. Determination of zinc in 24 h urine may help diagnose deficiency if sickle cell disease, chronic renal disease and liver cirrhosis are ruled out. A metabolic balance study may clearly distinguish zinc-deficient subjects. 

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