Phillips explosion

Phillips explosion in Houston, Texas, kills 23 technicians. 

The Phillips 66 Company Houston Chemical Complex Explosion and Fire, U.S. Dept, of Labor, Washington, D.C., Apr. 1990. 

Phillips, H. 1987. A Comparison of Standard Methods for the Determination of Maximum Experimental Safe Gap (MESG). Proc. International Symposium on the Explosion Hazard Classification of Vapors, Gases, and Dusts, pp. 83-108. Publication NMAB-447. National Materials Advisory Board, Washington, DC. 

National Transportation Safety Board. 1972. Pipeline Accident Report, Phillips Pipe Line Company propane gas explosion, Franklin County, MO, December 9, 1970. National Transportation Safety Board, Washington, DC, Report No. NTSB-PAR-72-1. 

In addition to these formal studies of human error in the CPI, almost all the major accident investigations in recent years, for example, Texas City, Piper Alpha, the Phillips 66 explosion, Feyzin, Mexico City, have shown that human error was a significant causal factor at the level of design, operations, maintenance or the management of the process. 

Addnt Ref A.J. Phillips, Suitability of NENO as a Military Explosive , PATR 1441 (1944)... 

Note A PTX-4 compn, prepd by the addition of Haleite to 30/70 Pentolite, also offered promise, but because of borderline stability in accelerated stability tests, it was decided that PTX-4 must be proven by long term storage to be acceptable for use in standard ammo Refs 1) W.R. Tomlinson, Properties of Ternary Mixtures of High Explosives PATR 1414 (1944) 2) A.J. Phillips, The Manufacture of... 

Event 2 Explosion—Plastics manufacturing. Phillips Petroleum, Pasadena, Texas (October 23, 1989). 23 fatalities, 130-300 injured extensive facility damage (U.S. 

U.S. Fire Administration (USFA). 1989. Phillips Petroleum Chemical Plant explosion and fire, Pasadena, Texas. U.S. Fire Administration Technical Report 035. Emmitsburg, MD Federal Emergency Management Agency. 

Shimizu, K., Sudo, H. and Fijii, T. (1989). Total utilisation of wood components by steam explosion pre-treatment. In Wood Processing and Utilization, Kennedy, J.F., Phillips, G.O. and Williams, P.A. (Eds.). Ellis Harwood, Chichester, UK, pp. 407 12. 

S.A. Phillips, A. Lowe, M. Marshall, P. Hubbard, S.G. Burmeister and D.R. Williams, Physical and chemical evidence remaining after the explosion of large improvised bombs. Part 1 , J. Forensic Sci., 45 (2000) 324—332. 

D. Warren, R.W. Hdey, S.A. Phillips and K. Ritchie, Novel technique for the combined recovery, extraction and clean-up of forensic organic and inorganic trace explosives samples , Sci. Justice, 39 (1999) 11-18. 

Kiernan and Bowen Explosive. An expl mixt developed by Kiernan Bowen of New Orleans, La, contg Na chlorate 75, turpentine 10, bone-meal 10 dried blood 5%. It was concluded that this expl had no value from a military standpoint because of its low brisance, high degree of sensitivity to impact, and the ease with which it lost turpentine, which resulted in decreased sensitivity to initiating agents Ref A.J. Phillips, Study of Sodium Chlorate Explosive Developed by Kiernan and Bowen , PATR 1277 (April 1943)... 

A.J. Phillips, PATR 1445(1944) (Properties of Ternary Mixture of Explosives. 

Explosives Derived from Nitroparaffins , PATR 1125 (Oct 1941) 7) A.J. Phillips,... 

AJ. Phillips, Develop Low-Melting Ammonium Nitrate Explosive , PATR1106 (1941) 6a) E.F. Degering, An Outline of Organic Nitrogen Compounds , Univ Lithoprinters, Yipsilanti (1945), 413-37 7) L.F. Fieser ... 

Boron Explosives. The use of amor boron in expls was studied by Phillips(Ref 1) at PicArsn as a component of Boronite (qv) expls developed by the Goss Engineering Co of Seattle, Washington. 

M.Babor, BullSectSciAcadRoumaine 19, 213-18(1937-38) CA 34, 5661(1940) 9)A.L.Pitman et al, ChemMerEngrg 45, 692-96 (1938)(Production of sodium chlorate by electrolytic method) 10)Davis(l943), 357-66 10a)J.Phillips, PATR 1277(1943)(Study of NaC103 explosive developed by Kiernan ... 

A major refinery in Norco, Louisiana, U.S., experienced an explosion on May 5, 1988, resulting from a rupture of an elbow in process piping. Property damages were estimated to be 300 million (U.S., 1988) which was the most costly refinery incident up to that time. (The Phillips Incident in Pasadena, Texas, just 17 months later in October, 1989, experienced property damages two-and-a-half times greater.) This Norco incident had enormous effects on worldwide feedstock supplies. [25]... 

On October 23, 1989, at approximately 1300, an explosion and fire ripped through the Phillips 66 Company s Houston Chemical Complex in Pasadena, Texas. At the site, 23 workers were killed, and more than 130 were injured. Property damage was nearly 750 million. Business interruption cost is not available but is probably a very large figure. 

After the explosion it was found that the DEMCO valve was open at the time of the release. The leg to be cleaned had been prepared by a Phillips operator. The air hoses that operated the DEMCO valve were improperly connected in a reversed position such that a closed DEMCO valve would be opened when the actuator was in the closed position. In addition, the following unsafe conditions existed ... 

Phillips, H. Maximum explosion pressure in flameproof enclosures the effects of the vessel and the ambient temperature, Journal of Hazardous Materials 8,1984,251-259... 

NENO. Code name for N,N -Dinitro-N,N -bis (2 hydroxyethyl)-oxamide Dinitrate (CA nomenclature). See in Vol 5, D1244-L to D1245-R Addnl Ref A.J. Phillips, Suitability of NENO as a Military Explosive , PATR 1441 (1944)... 

The European Union enacted the directive on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances in response to the 1976 dioxin release from the ICMESA facility near Seveso, Italy the United States enacted a similar Emergency Preparedness and Community Right-to-Know Act in response to the 1984 Bhopal disaster and 1989 Phillips Pasadena, Texas, refinery explosion and fire. 

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