Assays antifungal

The cytolytic agent termed aponin has been characterized in terms of biological activity, and the results to date indicate a material that does not adversely affect the organisms tested. Material isolated from cultures of Nannochloris sp. also has some phytotoxic activity as evidenced by the assays with lettuce seeds, and some antifungal activity. The materials elaborated by Nannochloris sp. thus have environmental significance, but it must be admitted that the full significance of these materials, like others, remains to be fully appreciated. 

Therefore, mRNA capping represents a potentially useful target for inhibitors with antifungal or antiviral activity indeed, whole-yeast cell-based assays developed to identify and characterize inhibitors of fungal mRNA capping allowed the identification and characterization of... 

Finally, the antifungal properties of a-pinene and limonene, two monoter-penes frequently found in the defensive secretion of Nasutitermes termites, was studied. In vitro assays showed that these molecules reduce spore germination of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae through direct and indirect (vapor) contact [225]. Moreover, some diterpenes isolated from these insects have also an antibiotic activity on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis [226]. 

Chapter 4 - Propolis has been used for as a traditional medicine in Eastern Europe as an antifungal, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic agent. The author isolated three cinamic acid derivatives and one flavanol derivative from Brazilian propolis and determined their structures by spectroscopic analysis. Results were assayed, the anticancer drug potential of these compounds to identify new drug candidates, by determining the... 

A. Duuko aud A. Dovletoglou, Moisture assay of an antifungal by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 28, 145-154 (2002). 

The third milestone in the history of the use of fermentation products in agriculture was the discovery of the avermectins. They were first detected in an anthelmintic assay using mice infected with nematospiroides dubius (13). This is one of the few assays in which they could have been detected since they lack antibacterial and antifungal activity. 

Figure 7. Heat map of a group of compounds containing antifungal drugs or metabolites of antifungal drugs. 140 pharmacological assays are clustered on the X-axis and 28 compounds are clustered on the Y-axis, using the same methodology and the same color-coding as in Fig. 6.

Intrapetacin A and intrapetacin B isolated from L. intrapetiolaris, when examined in antifungal assay with Aspergillus niger spores, induced a good zone of inhibition of fungal growth if compared with amphotericin B activity [4]. 

The compounds isolated from the nudibranch Hexabranchus sanguineus varied with collecting location but usually included dihydrohalichondra-mide (261) and tetrahydrohalichondramide (268). Compounds 261, 263, 265, and 268 show antifungal activity and inhibit cell division in the fertilized sea urchin egg assay (218). Three cytotoxic macrolides, mycalolides A-C (269-271), were isolated from a Japanese sponge of the genus My-cale, and their structures were elucidated to be hybrids of ulapualides and halichondramide (219). 

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