Pharmaceuticals financing

By way of illustration and exploration, this final section of the chapter provides evidence of the potential effects of policies aimed at deregulation and the encouragement of competition, through the empirical analysis of two aspects that are at the centre of the debate on pharmaceutical financing in the... 

The purpose of this chapter is to present the main economic characteristics of reference pricing (RP) as a system for the public funding of pharmaceuticals financed by the public sector. The following sections deal with the definition and objectives of RP and analyse the features of the various reference pricing systems that are applied internationally. This is followed by a look at the justification for RP from the economic point of view. We then go on to analyse the impact of RP policies, especially with regard to expenditure, consumption and drag prices. In the final section we discuss what can be expected from the application of RP to the Spanish health system. 

As mentioned above, there are arguments to support the percentage of pharmaceutical financing being larger for ... 

This chapter seeks to provide some reflections on the behaviour of health expenditure and the evolution of public health financing, with particular attention to spending on pharmaceuticals. The first part attempts to lay the foundations for a series of considerations on the effects of policies aimed at restraining public health expenditure, in particular drag expenditure. In the second part we offer the reader some reflections on what could constitute an alternative framework which would help to rationalize decision-making processes on pharmaceutical financing and spending. 

Davey, P. Lees, M. Aristides, M. Ziss, S. Report on the Australian System of Pharmaceutical Financing and De-... 

Price regulation Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme + Pharm. Benefits Advisory Committee, Pharmaceutical Benefits Pricing Authority Min. of Finance Pharm. Serv. Div. Govt. y MoHWS Min. of Trade + Min. of Health + Central Pharmacy V Min. of Industry and Commerce + DDC y... 

Scrip World Pharmaceutical News. Published twice weekly, Scrip World Pharmaceutical News [100] covers the commercial pharmaceutical marketplace with news, products, R D, regulatory issues, market data, business, and finance. This product is commercially available in several formats. 

Table 1 Company-Financed Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development by Country, 1997... 

Germany None. Elat rate of co-payment for the first 14 days per year of hospitalization, after which there is no cost sharing of any sort Variable co-payment. RP system. No coverage is applied to those pharmaceuticals on public financing negative lists... 

This book consists of a series of works that evaluate various aspects related to the public financing of pharmaceuticals. In all health systems with majority public funding, the financing of pharmaceuticals constitutes one of the key factors in reform policies and health cost containment measures. This importance of pharmaceutical spending can be explained by both its relative size (its share within health expenditure as a whole), and its rapid growth, which is closely related to the constant incorporation of therapeutic innovations. 

The second series of contributions focus on the analysis of the application and effectiveness of the main instruments public financing agencies use to regulate pharmaceutical expenditure, on both the demand side and the supply side. 

Mossialos, E. (1998), Pharmaceutical pricing, financing and cost containment in the European Union Member States , in R. Leidl (ed.), Health Care and its Financing in the Single European Market, Amsterdam IOS Press. 

European pharmaceutical markets are strongly regulated as regards the introduction of new products onto the market (through authorization and patents) and also as regards prices and consumption (medical prescription and public financing). However, the way in which entry, prices and consumption of pharmaceuticals are regulated varies enormously from country to country. 

Mossialos, E., C. Ranos and B. Abel-Smith (1994), Cost Containment, Pricing and Financing of Pharmaceuticals in the European Union the Policy-makers View, London LSE Health and Pharmetrica... 

Since 1990, responsibility for containing the public pharmaceutical bill in Spain has fallen to a variety of instruments, none of which has proved particularly effective at cost containment, as can be seen from Table 6.1. These instruments have included stricter control over the National Health Service (NHS) (Sistema Nacional de Salud or SNS) budget for pharmaceuticals, modifications to the co-payment rates for certain drugs for chronic diseases, the exclusion of certain drugs from public financing (negative lists) and agreements with laboratories and pharmacies.1... 

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