Pertussis Biological activity

H. Paulsen Synthesis of amino- and branched chain mono- and oligosaccharides L. Szabo Structural features and biological activity of the Bordella pertussis endotoxin... 

These effects are responsible for most of the systemic features of whooping cough, the disease caused by Bordetella pertussis, the micro-organism that produces PT (Pittman, 1984). Accordingly, the existence of PT was first predicted by the expression of its numerous biological activities detected after infection with 6. pertussis or administration of whole cell pertussis vaccines. These activities include histamine sensitization, islet activation, induction of leukocytosis, immuno-potentiation and many others (Munoz, 1985). 

Katada T, Oinuma M, Ui M (1986) Two guanine nucleotide-binding proteins in rat brain serving as the specific substrate of islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin. Interaction of the a-subunits with 3y-subunits in development of their biological activities. In J. Biol. Chem. 261 8182-8191. 

Munoz JJ (1985) Biological activities of pertussigen (pertussis toxin). In Pertussis toxin (Sekura RD, Moss J, Vaughn M, eds) pp 1-18, Orlando, FL Academic Press. 

Munoz JJ, Arai H, Bergman RK, et al. (1981) Biological activities of crystalline pertussigen from Bordefella pertussis. In Infect. Immun. 33 820-826. 

Munoz JJ, Bergman RK (1977) Bordefella pertussis immunological and other biological activities. Immunological Series, Vol. 4, pp 1 —235, New York Marcel Dekker. 

Ui M (1988) The multiple biological activities of pertussis toxin. In Pathogenesis and Immunity in Pertussis (Wardlaw AC, Parton R, eds) pp 121—145, Chichester John Wiley and Sons. 

Nogimori K, Tamura M, Yajima M, Ito K, Nakamura T, Kajikawa N, Maruyama Y, Ui M (1984) Dual mechanisms involved in development of diverse biological activities of islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin, as revealed by chemical modification of lysine residues in the toxin molecule. Biochim Biophys Acta 801 232-243... 

BRASS LF, LAPOSATA M, BANGA HS, RTITENHOUSE SE (1986) Relation of the phosjAoinositide hydrolysis pathway in thrombin-stimulated platelets by a pertussis toxin-senative guanine nucleotide-binding protein. Evaluation of its contribution to platelet activation and comparisons with the adenylate cyclase inhibitory protein, Gi. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 261,16838-16847. 

Quality control of acellular pertussis vaccines presents particular problems related to the various methods used for preparation of the active components, the different compositions of the final formulations, and different amounts of antigen. Researchers in the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control in the UK have presented a strategy capable of addressing the key problem areas likely to be encountered with all existing types of acellular pertussis vaccines and combinations (2). Their proposal could be considered as a starting point for improvement of quality control programs for these vaccines. 

Yajima M, Hosoda K, Kanbayashi Y et al. (1978b) Biological properties of islets-activating protein (lAP) purified from the culture medium of Bordetella pertussis. In J Biochem (Tokyo) 83 305-312... 

Pertussis toxin, produced by virulent strains of B. pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough, is a classical A-B type toxin comprised of an A subunit that possesses ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and is responsible for most of the biological effects of the toxin, and a B subunit with affinity for carbohydrates. The B subunit of the pertussis toxin is a pentamer composed of four different subunits (S2-S5). The toxin acts as a hemagglutinin and exhibits dual carbohydrate specificity, due to... 

The synthesis of the two diastereoisomers of P -l-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl adenosine S -lri-phosphate (91) has been achieved using resolved (R)- and (5)-l-(2-nilroidienyl)ethanol. The alcohols were converted to (R)- and (5)-l-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl phosphates by phosphitylation with N,)V-diisopropyl-fi(s-(2-cyanoethyl)phosphoramidite (92) and subsequent oxidation with 3-chlorobenzoic acid. Each of the monophosphates was activated with carbonyidiimidazole and condensed with adenosine diphosphate to give the desired triphosphate. These ATP analogues can be used for the rapid release (by flash photolysis) of ATP in biological systems. The 8-azido-3 -0-anthraniloyl derivatives of 2 -dADP (93) and 2 -dATP (94) have been prepared in seven steps from 8-azido-2 -deoxyadenosine. These compounds are of interest as fluorescent and photoactivatable probes for the nucleotide binding site of kinases and cyclases. In particular, (94) was shown to be a competitive inhibitor of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase and the observed K- (74 pM) was close to tiiat predicted from the K- value of 3 -0-anthraniloyl-2 -dATP. ... 

Tamura M, Nogimori K, Yajima M, Ase K, Ui M (1983) A role of the B-oligomer moiety of islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin, in development of the biological effects on intact cells. J Biol Chem 258 6756-6761... 

Ui M, Katada T, Murayama T, Nakamura T (1984) Islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin, as a probe for receptor-mediated signal transduction. In Ebashi S et al. (eds) Calcium regulation in biological systems. Academic Press, London New York, pp 157-169... 

The biological functions of anandamide may extend beyond its ability to activate cannabinoid receptors. Recent evidence indicates that this arachidonate derivative may stimulate receptors that are pharmacologically distinct from known cannabinoid receptor subtypes. When applied to brain striatal astrocytes in primary culture, anandamide has a potent inhibitory effect on gap-junction conductance. As expected from a receptor-mediated event, this effect is specific for anandamide (e.g., N-eicosatrienoyl-ethanolamine is inactive and non-esterified arachidonate is 10-fold less active), and is prevented by treating the astrocytes with either pertussis toxin or N-ethylmaleimide (two agents that block the activation... 

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