Perspective, laws

N. Gunningham and J. Rees (1997) Industry Self-Regulation An Institutional Perspective, Law and Policy, 19/4 363-414. 

Cunningham, N., Rees, J., 1997. Industry self-regulation an institutional perspective. Law Si Policy 19 (4), 363-414. 

The advantages to using MSDSs for chemical inventories are that MSDSs are publicly available and required by law. There is no extra cost or labour needed to supply them. The limitations to using MSDSs as a source of inventory data are that currently, in the United States, a standardized reporting format is not mandatory. MSDSs are not verified or audited and MSDS information can be incomplete and/or inaccurate. In addition, OSHA s definition of hazard does not include the broader scope of hazard used in green chemistry. Therefore, chemicals that are potential hazards from the green chemistry perspective but are not defined by OSHA as hazards, are not required to be identified on a MSDS. 

The present theory can be placed in some sort of perspective by dividing the nonequilibrium field into thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. As will become clearer later, the division between the two is fuzzy, but for the present purposes nonequilibrium thermodynamics will be considered that phenomenological theory that takes the existence of the transport coefficients and laws as axiomatic. Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics will be taken to be that field that deals with molecular-level (i.e., phase space) quantities such as probabilities and time correlation functions. The probability, fluctuations, and evolution of macrostates belong to the overlap of the two fields. 

Ritort, F., Work fluctuations and transient violations of the second law Perspectives in theory and experiment, Sem. Poincare 2003, 2,193-227... 

Greely, H.T., "The Ethics of the Human Genome Diversity Project The North American Regional Committee s Proposal Model Ethical Protocol," in Human DNA Sampling Law and Policy—International and Comparative Perspectives. Kluwer Law Inti, pp. 239-256 (1997b). 

Modelling biouptake processes helps in the understanding of the key factors involved and their interconnection [1]. In this chapter, uptake is considered in a general sense, without distinction between nutrition or toxicity, in which several elementary processes come together, and among which we highlight diffusion, adsorption and internalisation [2-4], We show how the combination of the equations corresponding with a few elementary physical laws leads to a complex behaviour which can be physically relevant. Some reviews on the subject, from different perspectives, are available in the literature [2,5-7]. 

This chapter is presented unashamedly from a European perspective. It is after all in this continent that phrases like the Precautionary Principle have gone beyond their existence as an ecological mantra and have become established as part of law-making. But let no one imagine for one moment that the problems and the challenges are unique to Europe or that they could be confined safely within its boundaries. 

There are three main consequences of this separation of purchase from sale. The first is a critique of Ricardo s assertion that no man produces but with a view to consume or sell (Ricardo 1951 290 see Kenway 1980 28). Instead of a separation of purchase from sale, Ricardo assumes each individual is simultaneously a producer and consumer, deciding what to produce and consume in the same breath. This is Say s Law, that supply creates its own demand. Marx was very scathing about Say s Law, viewing it as childish babble and a cosy description of bourgeois conditions (Marx 1969b 502-3). From a class-based perspective, there is a demarcation between the production decisions of a small number of capitalists and the consumption decisions of the population as a whole. 

If there is substantial physical evidence of contamination at a site, the threat will likely be deemed credible from a utility and a law enforcement perspective. In this case, law enforcement may take control of the site and limit the activities performed by other organizations at the site. 

From the queen s perspective, it seemed obvious that the cardinal had orchestrated the whole fraud to pay for his notorious debts she would have had the wretch executed on the spot had France s wishy-washy laws not forbidden it. Instead, with the support of her favorite minister, Baron de Breteuil, she badgered the king into having Rohan arrested under the most... 

In this chapter, we have described recent advances in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and have shown that they constitute a breakthrough which opens very new perspectives in our understanding of nonequilibrium processes and the second law of thermodynamics. 

There are two paradigms of legal viewpoints for the detection of explosives and illicit chemicals based upon the Fourth Amendment. The traditional constitutional search and seizure aspects of the law, and second, the informal transitional perspectives predicated upon its manipulation for national security... 

Abuse. We have all heard the terms substance abuse, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, cocaine abuse, and so on. In one sense, any illicit use of a substance is abuse. For example, from the legal point of view, whenever someone smokes crack (even if it is the only time), (s)he has broken the law and abused cocaine. Likewise, if you borrow a prescription sedative or pain reliever from a friend, then you have similarly abused that medication. That is an appropriate use of the term in many cases, but this is not customarily the way that mental health specialists use the term. From our perspective, substance abuse involves a pattern of repeated use over time that results in problems in one or more areas. These include compromised physical health and well-being, legal proceedings, job status, and relationships as well as overall day-to-day functioning. 

Cohen, Peter. (1990). Drugs as a social construct Dissertation, Amsterdam, Universiteit van Amsterdam, pp. I-IV. http //www.cedro-uva.org/lib/ cohen.drugs.toc.html] Reinarman, C and Levine, H. (1989), "The crack attack. Politics and Media in America s Latest Drug Scare", in Best, J, (Ed) Images and Issues Current Perspectives on Social Problems. N.Y Reinarman, C, Waldorf, D. Murphy, S. (1988). Scapegoating and social control in the construction of a public problem Empirical and critical findings on cocaine and work. Research in Law, Deviance and Social Control, Vol 9, p 37-62,... 

The purpose of this chapter is to summarize and generalize the various pollution, health, and environmental problems especially specific to the chemical industry and to place in perspective government laws and regulations as well as industry efforts to control these problems. A brief survey of air and water pollution problems will be given, but these are characteristic of all industry and the topics are too vast to be covered adequately in this book. We will be more concerned with toxic chemical pollution and its control and will spend some time on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA, TOSCA) of 1976 and the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) list begun in 1988. 

This chapter is designed to give a perspective on the improvised explosives being utilized by terrorist groups throughout the globe. It will cover the scientific theory behind manufacture of improvised explosives, the history of their use, and an overview of the most common materials encountered by law enforcement worldwide. Some details will be excluded out of necessity so as to not make this a how-to chapter to be co-opted by the wrong individuals. 

Pines, Wayne L. 1999. A History and Perspective on Direct-to-Consumer Promotion. Food and Drug Law Journal 54 489-518. 

Guns, Crime, and Violence Youth and Guns Gun Safety Constitutional Issues Laws, Legislation, and Politics Gun Liability International Perspectives... 

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