Peritonitis chemical

Abdominal pain radiating to the back is the most common presenting symptom. Rain can be due to intestinal immobility or chemical peritonitis induced by pancreatic enzymes. 

Peritonitis is a leading cause of morbidity in PD patients, which often leads to loss of the catheter and subsequent change to HD as the treatment modality. However, recent advances with connectors used during instillation and drainage of dialysate and delivery systems have dramatically decreased the incidence of peritonitis. Peritonitis can be caused by chemical irritation or microorganisms. 

Peritonitis is defined as the acute inflammatory response of the peritoneal lining to microorganisms, chemicals, irradiation, or foreign-body injury. This chapter deals only with peritonitis of infectious origin. 

Peritonitis An acute inflammatory reaction of the peritoneal lining to microorganisms or chemical irritation. 

The sterile peritoneal dialysis solutions are infused continuously into the abdominal cavity, bathing the peritoneum, and are then continuously withdrawn. The purpose of peritoneal dialysis is to remove toxic substances from the body or to aid and accelerate the excretion function normal to the kidneys. The process is employed to counteract some forms of drug or chemical toxicity as well as to treat acute renal insufficiency. Peritoneal dialysis solutions contain glucose and have an ionic content similar to normal extracellular fluid. Toxins and metabolites diffuse into the circulating dialysis... 

Kunke KS, Strunk RC. 1981. Complement synthesis by guinea pig peritoneal macrophages Failure to detect chemical carcinogens. J Natl Cancer Inst 66 141-146. 

Reports have revealed that administration of sterile vancomycin by the intraperitoneal route during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CARD) has resulted in a syndrome of chemical peritonitis. This syndrome has ranged from a... 

Adverse reactions may include renal impairment hearing loss neutropenia vertigo dizziness anaphylaxis drug fever nausea chills eosinophilia rashes hypotension wheezing dyspnea urticaria inflammation at injection site Red Man (or Redneck) syndrome chemical peritonitis has been reported following intraperitoneal... 

Cephalosporins are important bactericidal broad spectrum (3-lactam antibiotics used for the treatment of septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis, urinary tract infections, peritonitis and biliary tract infections. They are obtained from fungus Cephalosporium acremonium and are chemically related to penicillin. It consists of beta lactam ring fused to a dihydrothiazine ring. 

Intraperitoneal dose Administration of a chemical into the peritoneal cavity. 

As mentioned already, the artificial kidney is a classic example of chemical engineering prowess. The proper design of such devices requires a description of both water and solute transport to and from blood, across membranes, and to and from an adjacent fluid known as the dialysate. Variations on this theme include hemodilution, hemoconcentration, and hemofiltration. Applications of these same principles have been used to examine continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Oxygenation of blood,... 

Peritonitis is defined as the acute, inflammatory response of peritoneal lining to microorganisms, chemicals, irradiation, or foreign body injury. Peritonitis may be classified as either primary or secondary. With primary peritonitis, an intraabdominal focus of disease may not be evident. In secondary peritonitis, a focal disease process is evident within the abdomen. An abscess is a purulent collection of fluid separated from surrounding tissue by a wall consisting of inflammatory cells and adjacent organs. It usually contains necrotic debris, bacteria, and inflammatory cells. 

Adverse effects that have been reported following irrigation of hydatid cysts with cetrimide solution include chemical peritonitis, methemoglobinemia with cyanosis, and metabolic disorders. ... 

Gilchrist DS. Chemical peritonitis after cetrimide washout in hydatid-cyst surgery [letter]. Lancet 1979 ii 1374. 

Elimination of hydrazines in the urine may be enhanced by forced diuresis and acidification of the urine (Haddad and Winchester 1990). Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis may also be helpful, but this has not been fully studied. Activated charcoal is sometimes administered in serial doses to minimize the enterohepatic recirculation of persistent chemicals. Data regarding the enterohepatic recirculation of hydrazines were not located. However, available data suggest that hydrazines are readily cleared from the body since the levels in various tissues in animals are usually not detectable after 24 hours. In addition, studies in rats indicate that only a small percentage of a dose of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (0.4-0.9%) is excreted in the bile (Hawks and Magee 1974). Therefore, it is not likely that efforts to minimize enterohepatic recirculation of hydrazines would be of much use. 

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