Peripheral sensory neuropathy

Gao, W. Q., Dybdal, N., Shinsky, N. et al. Neurotrophin-3 reverses experimental cisplatin-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy. Ann. Neurol. 38 30-37,1995. 

The second criteria, a different activity spectrum, is met by oxaliplatin (Figure 1.9A), the l isomer of [oxalatol f ra/rv-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum (II)], oxaliplatin, [Pt(II)(oxalato)(DACH)]. This platinum agent is used for secondary treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.77 Oxaliplatin, like carboplatin, has a kinetically slower leaving group, and is also less nephrotoxic than cisDDP. The limiting toxicity of oxaliplatin is peripheral sensory neuropathy, also seen with cisDDP. The neuropathy affects the extremities and increases in incidence and... 

House RA, Liss GM, Wills MC Peripheral sensory neuropathy associated with 1,1,1-trichloroethane. Arch Environ Health 49 196-199, 1994... 

Pyridoxine is indicated in vitamin B deficiency, for the treatment of some pyridoxine responsive anemia s and for isoniazid-induced neuropathy. It may relieve symptoms of pellagra when niacin fails. Long-term administration of large doses may produce neurotoxicity manifesting itself in progressive peripheral sensory neuropathy. 

Cisplatin Forms intrastrand and interstrand DNA cross-links binding to nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins Non-small cell and small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, gastroesophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, ovarian cancer, germ cell cancer Nausea and vomiting Nephrotoxicity, peripheral sensory neuropathy, ototoxicity, nerve dysfunction... 

Oxaliplatin Same as cisplatin Colorectal cancer, gastroesophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer Nausea and vomiting, laryngopharyngeal dysesthesias Myelosuppression, peripheral sensory neuropathy, diarrhea... 

The main dose-limiting toxicity is neurotoxicity, usually expressed as a peripheral sensory neuropathy, although autonomic nervous system dysfunction with orthostatic hypotension, urinary retention, paralytic ileus, or constipation, cranial nerve palsies, ataxia, seizures, and coma have been observed. While myelosuppression occurs, it is generally milder and much less significant than with vinblastine. The other potential adverse effect that can develop is the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). 

Although not a taxane, ixabepilone is a novel microtubule inhibitor that was recently approved for metastatic breast cancer in combination with the oral fluoropyrimidine capecitabine or as monotherapy. It is a semisynthetic analog of epothilone B, and is active in the M phase of the cell cycle. This agent binds directly to 6-tubulin subunits on microtubules, leading to inhibition of normal microtubule dynamics. Of note, this agent continues to have activity in drug-resistant tumors that overexpress P-glycoprotein or tubulin mutations. The main adverse effects include myelosuppression, hypersensitivity reactions, and neurotoxicity in the form of peripheral sensory neuropathy. 

Oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 IV every 3 weeks or 85 mg/m2 IV every 2 weeks Nausea and vomiting, laryngopharyngeal dysesthesias Peripheral sensory neuropathy, diarrhea, myelosuppression, and renal toxicity... 

Oxaliplatin is a third generation diaminocyclohexane platinum analog. Its mechanism of action is identical to that of cisplatin and carboplatin. However, it is not cross-resistant to cancer cells that are resistant to cisplatin or carboplatin on the basis of mismatch repair defects. This agent was recently approved for use as second-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer following treatment with the combination of fluorouracil-leucovorin and irinotecan, and it is now widely used as first-line therapy of this disease as well. Neurotoxicity is dose-limiting and characterized by a peripheral sensory neuropathy, often triggered or worsened upon exposure to cold. While this neurotoxicity is cumulative, it tends to be reversible—in contrast to cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. 

Paclitaxel 130-170 mg/m2 IV over 3 or 24 hours every 3-4 weeks Nausea, vomiting, hypotension, arrhythmias, hypersensitivity Bone marrow depression, peripheral sensory neuropathy... 

Peters, C. M., Jimenez-Andrade, J. M., Jonas, B. M., Sevcik, M. A., Koewler, N. J., Ghilardi, J. R., Wong, G. Y., and Mantyh, P. W. (2007). Intravenous paclitaxel administration in the rat induces a peripheral sensory neuropathy characterized by macrophage infiltration and injury to sensory neurons and their supporting cells. Exp. Neurol. 203, 42—54. 

Roman GC An epidemic in Cuba of optic neuropathy, sensorineural deafness, peripheral sensory neuropathy and dorsolateral myeloneuropathy. J Neurol Sci 127 11-28,1994. 

Estrogens cause abnormalities of tryptophan metabolism that resemble those seen in vitamin Be deficiency, and the vitamin is widely used to treat the side effects of estrogen administration and estrogen-associated symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome, although there is litde evidence of its efficacy. High doses of the vitamin, of the order of 100 times requirements, cause peripheral sensory neuropathy. 

Peripheral sensory neuropathy has been described after the use of sodium stibogluconate for cutaneous leishmaniasis (SEDA-21, 300). 

The nenrotoxicity of platinnm-containing componnds has been reviewed (56,57), as has the prevention of cisplatin-associated nenrotoxicity (58). In experimental measnre-ments of sensory nerve condnction velocity oxaliplatin cansed the most impairment, followed by cisplatin, carbo-platin, and satraplatin (JM216) (59). The cumnlative incidence of grade 2 peripheral sensory neuropathy with oxaliplatin was 19% (60). 

Gamelin E, Gamelin L, Delva R, Guerin-Meyer V, Morel A, Boisdron-Celle M. Prevention of oxaUplatin peripheral sensory neuropathy by Ca+ gluconate/Mg+ chloride infusions a retrospective study. Proc Am Soc Qin Oncol 2002 21 A624. 

Neurotoxicity can be associated with pyridoxine megavitamin therapy (24), the main symptom being a peripheral sensory neuropathy (see Table 2) (25,26). 

Table 2 Peripheral sensory neuropathy during pyridoxine megatherapy...

Peripheral sensory neuropathy pharyngolaryngeal dysesthesias paresthesias nausea and vomiting rare cases of anaphylaxis (reduced systolic blood pressure, flushing, tachycardia, respiratory distress)... 

Total number with peripheral sensory neuropathy = 227... 

Leandro-Garcia LJ, Inglada-Perez L, Pita G et al (2013) Genome-wide association study identifies ephrin type A receptors implicated in paclitaxel induced peripheral sensory neuropathy. J Med Genet 50 599-605... 

T richloroethane Gastrointestinal Renal Cardiovascular Pulmonary Neurological Hepatic dysfunction Renal dysfunction Sudden death, dysrhythmias Respiratory depression Anesthetic effects, peripheral sensory neuropathy... 

Gao, W.-Q., Dybdal, N., Shinsky, N., Murnane, A., Schmel-zer, C., Siegel, M., Keller, G., Hefti, F., Phillips, H.S. and Winslow, J.W. (1995b) Neurotrophin-3 reverses experimental cisplatin-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy. Ann. Neurol. 38 30-37. 

Jack M and Wright D. Role of advanced glycation end products and glyoxalase I in diabetic peripheral sensory neuropathy. Translational Research, 159 355-365 (2012). 

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