Performance feedback—consequences

Effective performance feedback is, of course, closely linked to measurement and evaluation of the test phase of DO IT. As with measurement, performance feedback 

Finally, if is important to acknowledge supervisors and others for supporting a safety achievement effort. As discussed in Chapter 12, safety coaches must feel appreciated for their actively caring efforts. They need to be recognized for their competence at giving supportive and corrective feedback to others. 

Without clear behavioral consequences, performance tends to drift (Hayes et al., 1980), usually in the direction of minimal effort. If you want to sustain the energy it takes to be a safety coach, you need to recognize their work. You have to convince top managers that coaches need their support, as well. 

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The first stage is to group together operations that are likely to be influenced by the same PIFs. The four operations in the above set all involve physical actions for which there is no immediate feedback when incorrectly performed. Two of the operations, 4.1.3 and 4.4.2 are noted in Figure 5.8 as having significant consequences if they occur. It is legitimate to assume therefore, that the error probability will be determined by the same set of PIFs for all the operations in this set. 

A comprehensive framework of robust feedback control of combustion instabilities in propulsion systems has been established. The model appears to be the most complete of its kind to date, and accommodates various unique phenomena commonly observed in practical combustion devices. Several important aspects of distributed control process (including time delay, plant disturbance, sensor noise, model uncertainty, and performance specification) are treated systematically, with emphasis placed on the optimization of control robustness and system performance. In addition, a robust observer is established to estimate the instantaneous plant dynamics and consequently to determine control gains. Implementation of the controller in a generic dump combustor has been successfully demonstrated. 

Misuse of performance impairment tests is related to the consequences of worker performance. Test systems can be implemented with the sole purpose of providing feedback to workers regarding their level of performance (i.e., no consequences associated with work activities are imposed). The objective of such testing procedures is to provide workers with information to use to adjust their own on-work and off-work behavior in an attempt to more accurately monitor their own levels of... 

A discernible trend in modem pump design is towards the use of very small pistons (stroke volume around 100 pi). These tiny pistons have to be operated at very high driving speeds, to provide the flow rates required in analytical HPLC. However, when they are used in combination with electronic feedback pulse control mechanisms, as described above, they can provide extremely stable solvent delivery characteristics. Such is the efficacy of this approach that single piston pumps designed in this way are able to easily out-perform older dual piston pumps, and are consequently beginning to account for a major part of the LC pump market. 

Consequently, for performance is desirable to have small PRGA elements, at least at frequencies where feedback is effective. However, at frequencies close to crossover, stability is the main issue and we prefer to have close to 1. 

At the final stage of information processing (response execution), the responses chosen in the previous stages are executed. A response can be any kind of action, such as eye or head movements, hand or leg movement, and verbal responses. Attention resources are also required at this stage because intrinsic (e.g., kinesthetic) and/or extrinsic feedback (e.g., visual, auditory) can be used to monitor the consequences of the actions performed. 

Strain is a consequence of stress, but does not necessarily occur simultaneously with stress. Stress, at first, affects an exploitation of resotrrce capacities with subsequent initiation of compensatory strain reactions. Thus, strain follows stress with a time lag as discussed earlier. The exponentially delayed increase of heart rate after starting heavy physical work and the respective decreased function of heart rate after work termination illustrate this effect. The reperctrssion of strain on activity and the subsequent effect on strain represents a negative feedback loop with an internal delay due to the time lag of strain and possible hysteresis of compensatory reactions. This relationship explains the somewhat periodic varialiorrs of performance and strain (see next section for experimental findings). 

When performing an FMEA on mechanical, fluid or electrical system, failure modes of components such as pipes or resistors are generally understood, likely to happen and their consequences may be studied. A component is supposed to fail, due to some reason as wearing, aging or unanticipated stress. The analysis may not always be easy, but at least, the safety engineer can rely on data provided by the component manufacturer, results of tests and feedback of experience when available. 

Optimized preventive maintenance programmes can contribute to ensuring both safe and competitive NPPs. Reliability centered maintenance provides an optimization of preventive maintenance. The principles underlying reliability centred maintenance include preventing failures where the repercussions for the plant could be serious in terms of safety or economics. The methodology involves evaluation of the functional consequences of failure, analyses of experience feedback, and optimization of preventive maintenance tasks. Electricite de France (EdF) has implemented preventive maintenance programmes based on a reliability centred maintenance methodology at EdF nuclear plants, and results have shown benefits in safety, performance and cost. 

Consequently, the fabrication of a DE actuator (DEA) that can produce linear motion, called a multi-stacked actuator is presented in this chapter [Chuc et al. (2011)]. It is made of the aforementioned synthetic elastomer, which is a kind of DE as introduced in Chapter 6. The proposed actuator does not need any pre-strain to amplify the displacement and force. It just includes multiple, synthetic elastomer layers, where the electrode layers are connected in parallel. To improve the performance of the proposed actuator, the shape of the actuator is optimized to yield large deformations. Moreover, a high-voltage switching circuit is developed to drive the proposed actuator. In this circuit, the pulse-width-modulated proportional-integral-derivative (PWM-PID) feedback controller is incorporated. The performance of this controller is compared with that of a continuous PID controller via experiments. 

No feedback. Is there any measure of performance Do people know how they are doing Are there any consequences ... 

There are three major forms of behavior interventions. They are instructional intervention, supportive intervention, and motivational intervention (Geller 1999, 44). Instructional interventions consist of educational sessions, training exercises, and directive feedback. Supportive interventions focus on the application of positive consequences. Positive reinforcement of wanted behaviors increases the likelihood that the behavior will be performed again. Motivational interventions include positive incentive or rewards for targeted behaviors. Negative motivators often are ineffective because the consequence or penalty seems remote and improbable (Geller 1999,46). 

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