Pelton turbine

Figure 6.34 Pressurized synchronous generator in zone 1, powered by a Pelton turbine in a C02 removal process.

Pelton Turbine - A type of impulse hydropower turbine where water passes through nozzles and strikes cups arranged on the periphery of a runner, or wheel, which causes the runner to rotate, producing mechanical energy. The runner is fixed on a shaft, and the rotational motion of the turbine is transmitted by the shaft to a generator. Generally used for high head, low flow applications. 

Figure 3.13 Pelton turbine connected to RO train motor and pump.

American engineer Lester A. Pelton develops the hydraulic turbine. 

Turbine flow meters are composed of some form of rotary device such as a helical rotor, Pelton wheel or a vane mounted in the flow stream. The fluid passing the rotor causes the rotor to turn at an angular velocity which is proportional to the flow velocity and hence the volumetric flowrate through the meter. The rotary motion of the rotor is sensed by some form of pick-up device that produces an electrical pulse output. The frequency of this signal is proportional to the flowrate and the total count of pulses is proportional to the total volume of liquid passed through the meter. 

The turbine turns a generator to produce electricity [22], A variety of turbines may be used, including a Pelton wheel for high head, low-flow water supply, or a propeller-type turbine for low-head installations [24, 25]. 

Pelletizing, in pyrometallurgy, 16 140 Pelouze reaction, 17 227 Peltier effect, 21 555 24 428 Pelton wheel turbine, 26 85 Pemanent Red 2B, Strontium Salt, pigment for plastics, 7 366t PEM fuel cell (PEMFC), 12 202-203 PEN, 10 222. See also Poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) (PEN) Penaeid shrimp, aquacultural chemical needs, 3 209... 

Turbines, Pelton wheels Liquids and gases 140 (See Volume 1, Section 6.3.9) Fuel metering in aircraft High repeatability. Can be used at high temperatures and pressures... 

As the jet from a nozzle is frequently employed for power purposes in a steam turbine or a Pelton wheel, we are interested in its energy efficiency. The efficiency of a nozzle is defined as the ratio of the power in the jet to the power passing a section in the pipe at the base of the nozzle. As the discharge is the same for the two points, the efficiency is merely the ratio of the heads at these two sections. Thus, referring again to the conical nozzle, e = HJH. But H2 = V2/2g, and Hr = pjw + V t2g, and so from Eq. (10.59) it follows that H2 = C2,H1. Hence the nozzle efficiency is... 

Hydraulic turbines are used for recovering energy from high-pressure liquid streams. A common process application is an absorber-stripper combination. In this apphcation, a gas is absorbed in a solvent at a high pressure, where absorption is favored. Then, the solvent is stripped of the absorbed components at a low pressure, where stripping is favored, to recover the solvent. Thus, the energy of the high-pressure solvent stream from an absorber can be partially recovered by a hydraulic turbine. There are three types of hydraulic turbines, the Pelton-wheel turbine, the Francis turbine, and the propeller reaction turbine, an axial type turbine. The propeller reaction turbine is used in hydroelectric applications and will not be considered further. The Pelton-wheel and Francis tur-... 

In the Pelton-wheel turbine, used for low flow rates, a high-pressure liquid flows through a nozzle to convert the pressure to a high velocity jet which impinges on an impulse wheel or runner. This turhine may contain one to foiu nozzles. Above approximately 800 m /h (28,200 ft /h) the Francis turbine becomes... 

Switzerland, with a net head of 5330 ft. The water from this plant drives an impulse turbine (Pelton wheel) with a diameter to the middle of the blades of 10.89 ft. The wheel turns at 500 rpm [1]. What is the ratio of blade speed to jet speed for this turbine How does this compare with the optimum discussed in Sec. 7.4 I... 

Impulse Turbine - A turbine that is driven by high velocity jets of water or steam from a nozzle directed to vanes or buckets attached to a wheel. (A pelton wheel is an impulse hydroturbine). 

Water Turbine - A turbine that uses water pressure to rotate its blades the primary types are the Pelton wheel, for high heads (pressure) the Francis turbine, for low to medium heads and the Kaplan for a wide range of heads. Primarily used to power an electric generator. 

Hesse was actively involved in the development of the turbine proposed by Lester A. Pelton (1829-1909) by providing the original sketch of a split bucket. As stated by Rouse it is of note that whereas Pelton experimented first in this field of hydromachinery, with buckets improvised from oyster cans, a model made from patterns supplied by Pelton had been tested in 1883 by Hesse in his hydraulic laboratory . Pelton took out a second patent of his turbine in 1889 on small details, and this was followed by others on improvements of the bucket shape and in 1900 on the first needle nozzle. Hesse s laboratory appears to have been the first in the USA. Unfortunately, all that is known about it is found only in a printed report published in 1883, supplemented by a colleague of Hesse relating to the efficiency of a Pelton imit. 

Figure 7.2. Types of water power turbines (a) Pelton water wheel, (b) Franeis turbine, and (c) Kaplan turbine.

The type of turbine chosen for any hydro scheme will depend upon the discharge rate of the water and the head of water available. A Pelton Wheel is a water turbine in which specially shaped buckets attached to the periphery of the wheel are struck by a jet of water. The kinetic energy of the water turns the wheel which is coupled to the generator. 

Kuendig, E. (2006a). Pelton wheel energy recovery turbine designed for reverse osmosis applications. In Proceedings AMTA/SCDA Joint Technology Tranter Workshop, Corpus Christi, TX, Feb. 8-9. 

All solutions passed through the system must be free of particulate contamination. This is essential to protect the column, where accumulation of particulates will lead to clogging of the packed bed or column bed support, resulting in increased back pressure, non-uniform flow, and thus loss of efficiency. In addition to the column, particulate contamination can also result in damage to pumps, valves, and Pelton wheel or turbine flow meters. Filters can either be incorporated in the system or solutions can be prefiltered. If the latter approach is utilized care must be exercised to ensure that there is no risk of particle contamination subsequent to the filtering step. 

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