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High-velocity jets

The purpose of the well completion is to provide a safe conduit for fluid flow from the reservoir to the flowline. The perforations in the casing are typically achieved by running a perforating gun into the well on electrical wireline. The gun is loaded with a charge which, when detonated, fires a high velocity jet through the casing and on into the formation for a distance of around 15-30 cm. In this way communication between the wellbore and the reservoir is established. Wells are commonly perforated after the completion has been installed and pressure tested. [Pg.227]

Provide a means of filling the tank to operating level prior to operating the blending nozzle system. Damage could result from discharging the high velocity jet into an empty tank. [Pg.210]

The flow of fluid leaving a choke is in the form of a high-velocity jet. For this reason it is desirable to have a straight run of pipe of at least ten pipe diameters downstream of any choke prior to a change in direction, so that the jet does not impinge on the side of the pipe. [Pg.461]

High-velocity jets releasing fuel at high pressure as a result of a pipe or vessel leak ... [Pg.252]

A venturi nozzle is located in the clean-gas outlet from each bag, which is used for cleaning. A jet of high-velocity air is directed through the venturi nozzle and into the bag, which induces clean gas to pass through the fabric to the dirty side. The high-velocity jet is released in a short pulse, usually about 100 milliseconds, from a compressed... [Pg.778]

All tests are designed to provide high erosion rates on small specimens so that the test can be conducted in a reasonable time, and although vibratory and high-velocity jet methods may not simulate flow conditions they give rise to high-intensity erosion and can be used, therefore, for screening materials. [Pg.1055]

Figure 29 (Qin and Liu, 1982) shows the behavior of individual particles above the distributor recorded by video camera of small clusters of particles, coated with a fluorescent material and spot-illuminated by a pulse of ultra violet light from an optical fiber. The sequential images, of which Fig. 29 just represents exposures after stated time intervals, were reconstructed to form the track of motion of the particle cluster shown in Fig. 30. Neither this track nor visual observation of the shallow bed while fluidized, reveal any vestige of bubbles. Instead, the particles are thrown up by the high velocity jets issuing from the distributor orifices to several times their static bed height. Figure 29 (Qin and Liu, 1982) shows the behavior of individual particles above the distributor recorded by video camera of small clusters of particles, coated with a fluorescent material and spot-illuminated by a pulse of ultra violet light from an optical fiber. The sequential images, of which Fig. 29 just represents exposures after stated time intervals, were reconstructed to form the track of motion of the particle cluster shown in Fig. 30. Neither this track nor visual observation of the shallow bed while fluidized, reveal any vestige of bubbles. Instead, the particles are thrown up by the high velocity jets issuing from the distributor orifices to several times their static bed height.
Weber s theory has been further extended by many investi-gators[391 [4ill204 [22°][22-7] t0 account for high-velocity jet breakup and droplet formation under the influence of ambient air. Various mechanisms of jet breakupl40H41Pio][220][227][232] have been pro posed and divided into breakup regimes to reflect the differences in the appearance of jets and to identify the dominant forces leading to jet breakup as operation conditions are changed. [Pg.130]

Because of the random motion of the solids, some abrasion of the surface occurs in the bed. However, this abrasion is very small relative to the particle breakup caused by the high-velocity jets at the distributor. Typically, particle abrasion (fragmentation) will amount to about 0.25 to 1 percent of the solids per day. In the area of high gas velocities at the distributor, greater rates of attrition will occur because of fracture of the particles by impact. As mentioned above, particle fracture of the grid is reduced by adding shrouds to the gas distributor. [Pg.12]

Whilst there may be different origins for the variety of these effects, one well-characterised consequence of ultrasonic irradiation is the generation and subsequent collapse of cavitation bubbles within the electrolyte medium and near to the electrode surface of the electrochemical cell. The electrode surface causes asymmetrical collapse of a bubble which in turn leads to the formation of a high velocity jet of liquid... [Pg.234]

Of the various mechanical properties of a formed catalyst containing zeolite, attrition resistance is probably the most critical. This is particularly the case for FCC catalysts because of the impact on the addihon rate of fresh catalyst, particulate emissions of fines and overall catalyst flow in the reactor and regenerator. Most attrition methods are a relative determination by means of air jet attrition with samples in the 10 to 180 xm size range. For example the ASTM D5757 method attrites a humidified sample of powder with three high velocity jets of humidified air. The fines are continuously removed from the attrition zone by elucidation into a fines collection assembly. The relative attrition index is calculated from the elutriated fines removed at a specific time interval. [Pg.156]

High-velocity jet flame contact 250-500 gpm (950-1,900 Ipm) at point of jet flame contact... [Pg.294]

An ejector is a simplified type of vacuum pump or compressor which has no pistons, valves, rotors, or other moving parts. Figure 10-98 illustrates a steam-jet ejector. It consists essentially of a nozzle which discharges a high-velocity jet across a suction chamber that is con-... [Pg.57]

The other related subcutaneous routes are dermojet (by which, drug is projected from a microfine orifice using a high velocity jet) and pellet implantation (which provides sustained release of the drug over weeks and months e.g. testosterone). [Pg.8]

When detonated, duPont Jet Perforators emit a high velocity jet of tiny copper fragments which penetrate the oil-well casing and formation leaving a deep, large diameter hole through which the oil can flow into the well ... [Pg.525]

The study of shaped charge and high velocity jets involves investigations in a variety of scientific fields. These include the physics of plasticity of metals at very high strain rates the physics of interactions between metals and HE s and the field of instrumentation design for highly specialized applications. Included are multiple flash radiographic techniques which produce... [Pg.562]

Gas chamber—the high-velocity jet creates suction in the gas chamber, entraining gas into the ejector. [Pg.253]


See other pages where High-velocity jets is mentioned: [Pg.143]    [Pg.543]    [Pg.369]    [Pg.407]    [Pg.934]    [Pg.1120]    [Pg.1147]    [Pg.1408]    [Pg.1603]    [Pg.1731]    [Pg.471]    [Pg.256]    [Pg.107]    [Pg.506]    [Pg.13]    [Pg.346]    [Pg.176]    [Pg.58]    [Pg.26]    [Pg.133]    [Pg.173]    [Pg.180]    [Pg.22]    [Pg.49]    [Pg.743]    [Pg.69]    [Pg.200]    [Pg.543]    [Pg.439]    [Pg.92]    [Pg.253]    [Pg.263]   


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