Flowrate volumetric

The incremental pressure drop for wet mesh is not available for all operating conditions or for mesh of different styles. The data of York and Poppele for wet-mesh incremental pressure drop, APi in cm of water, are shown in Fig. 14-122 or parameters of liquid velocity L/A, defined as liquid volumetric flowrate, cmVmin per unit of mesh cross-sectional area in cm" liqiiid density Pl is in g/cm. ... 

The resulting volumetric flowrate is the sum of the combustion of the natural gas q and the process gas stream p at the operating temperature ... 

An estimate of the linear velocity of air through ductwork is a common exercise for process engineers. The calculation requires information on the static pressure drop and volumetric flowrate at any given temperature and pressure. 

Permeability is normally determined using linear flow in the incompressible or compressible form, depending on whether a liquid or gas is used as the flowing fluid. The volumetric flowrate Q (or Q ,) is determined at several pressure drops. Q (or Q ,) is plotted versus the average pressure p . The slope of this line will yield the fluid conductivity K or, if the fluid density and viscosity are known, it provides the intrinsic permeability k. For gases, the fluid conductivity depends on pressure, so that... 

Lyachshenko number, dimensionless left hand side, dimensionless particle mass, kg pressure, N/m or force, N mass feed rate, kg/s or volumetric flowrate in mVhr drag or resistance force, N physical properties correction factor for slurries Reynolds number, dimensionless right hand side hydraulic radius, m... 

The reactor feed may be preheated and the feed pressure may alter. The volumetric flowrate of gases depends on the reactor temperature and pressure at fixed mass flowrate. In many cases, the feed is liquid at room temperature, while the reaction mixture is a gas at the higher temperature in the reactor. In these instances, the performance of the reactor is represented as conversion and selectivity against the liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV). This is defined as... 

Space time ST is equal to the residence time in a plug flow reactor only if the volumetric flowrate remains constant throughout the reactor. The residence time depends on the change in the flowrate through the reactor, as well as V/u. The change in u depends on the variation in temperature, pressure, and the number of moles. The concept of SV with conversions in the design of a plug flow reactor is discussed later in this chapter. 

At any instant, because gas-phase reactions are often carried out in tubular systems, the mass flowrate G and C- the concentration of i in moles per unit mass is used. The mass flowrate G does not change with position when fluid density changes as is the case with u, the volumetric flowrate (Figure 5-29). 

Consider the case where both volumetric flowrate u and density p are constant. A relationship between the mass flowrate G and the volumetric flow is ... 

The volumetric flowrate into the plug flow is Uq and the feed concentration of A is C g- portion of A exiting from the reactor is fed back through a pump and mixed with the feed stream, referred to as R (i.e., the recycle ratio). The volumetric flowrate at the entrance of the reactor is u = UgCl + R). A balance at the mixing point M gives... 

A solution containing 0.25 kmol/m of acetic anhydride is to be hydrolyzed in a single CFSTR to give an effluent containing an anhydride concentration of 0.05 kmol/m. The volumetric flowrate is 0.05 m /min and the working volume of the reactor is 0.75 m. ... 

Concentration of nitrobenzene depends on both temperature and conversion. If u is the volumetric flowrate at a point in the reactor where the concentration is C, and Ug is the value at the entrance, the conversion of nitrobenzene is... 

The volumetric flowrate depends on the temperature and changes as the temperature changes. Assuming a perfect gas behavior. 

Consider the reversible first order reaction A R. It is possible to determine the minimum reactor volume at the optimum temperature Tgp( that is required to obtain a fractional conversion X, if the feed is pure A with a volumetric flowrate of u. A material balance for a CESTR is... 

Using Equation 8-51 it is possible to determine E(t) from die measured response C(t), if bodi die volumetric flowrate u and die mass of tracer injected ni are known. Since die mass of tracer emerging in die interval from t and t -i- 6t is C(t)u6t, dien die total quantity of die tracer is ... 

Detemiine tlie mean (superficial) fluid velocity, u, as tlie volumetric flowrate divided by die flow channel cross-section. 

The column diameter is normally determined by selecting a superficial velocity for one (or both) of the phases. This velocity is intended to ensure proper mixing while avoiding hydrodynamic problems such as flooding, weeping, or entrainment. Once a superficial velocity is determined, the cross-sectional area of the column is obtained by dividing the volumetric flowrate by the velocity. 

Permeate flowrate The volumetric flowrate of the permeate per module can be obtained from the water flux as follows ... 

The finalequationtellsusthattherateofpressureriseinthevesselwillbeaconstantequal to the product of the ratio of the feed gas pressure to the vessel volume and the volumetric flowrate ofthe feed gas. (Assumingthat the volume of the line leading from the valve tothevesselisnegligible.)Therefore,wecanseeimmediatelythatthepressurerisewillbe linear ... 

Note that u is effectively a velocity flux (volumetric flowrate per unit cross-sectional area). 

For filter design and performance prediction it is necessary to predict the rate of filtration (velocity or volumetric flowrate) as a function of pressure drop, and the properties of the fluid and particulate bed. This can be achieved using the modified Darcy equation developed in Chapter 3. 

In principle, filter bed permeabilities can be calculated using the Carman-Kozeny equation 2.53. For slurries containing irregular particles, however, cake filtrabilities together with filter medium resistance are determined using the Leaf Test (Figure 4.13). In this technique, a sample of suspended slurry is drawn through a sample test filter leaf at a fixed pressure drop and the transient volumetric flowrate of clear filtrate collected determined. 

The volumetric flowrate through the vessel is given by 2 = PIM-y = 1000/250 = 4irP slurry/h. Thus the vessel volume is given by equation 7.51 as... 

Each of the two general classes of compressors and their subclass types have certain advantages and disadvantages regarding their respective volumetric flow capabilities and the pressure ratios they can obtain. Figure 3-69 shows the typical application range in volumetric flowrate (actual cfm) and pressure ratio several of the most important compressor types can obtain [23]. 

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