PC12 cells

Poly-L-lysine-blended chitosan, collagen-blended chitosan and albumin-blended chitosan were also considered, with collagen control material. Culture of PC12 cells and fetal mouse cerebral cortex cells on these biomaterials was used to evaluate their nerve cell affinity. The composite materials, had significantly improved nerve cell affinity compared to chitosan. Poly-L-lysine-blended chitosan exhibited the best nerve cell affinity and was a better material in promoting neurite outgrowth than collagen [328]. 

Induction of apoptosis has been reported in various mammalian cell lines. In previous studies, it has been reported that TBT induces apoptosis in isolated thymocytes at concentrations which are relevant to those causing thymus atrophy in vivo. TBT can also induce apoptosis in PC12 cells, and in human T-lymphoblastoid CEM cells. While the mechanism of TBT-induced apoptosis is still unknown, it has been reported that TBT stimulates thymocyte apoptosis by a mechanism independent of protein synthesis and under conditions where intracellular ATP levels are severely depleted. ... 

Evidence from a number of systems suggests that ion flux plays a role in palytoxin action. In a wide range of systems, palytoxin effects are accompanied by a change in intracellular cation levels. For example, the influx of Na and/or Ca is associated with palytoxin-stimulated contraction of cardiac and smooth muscle, the release of norepinephrine by rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, and the depolarization of excitable membranes 12—15). Palytoxin also induces K efflux from erythrocytes and thus alters ion flux in a nonexcitable membrane system as well 16-19). In both excitable and nonexcitable membranes, the ultimate action of palytoxin has been shown to be dependent on extracellular cations. The palytoxin-induced effects on smooth muscle and erythroctyes can be inhibited by removing Ca from the media, and the palytoxin-induced release of norephinephrine from PC12 cells can be blocked in Na" free media (ii, 14y 18, 20, 21)... 

Culture of Pheochromoqtoma Cells (PC12 Cells). PC12 cells, kindly supplied by Dr. H. Hatanaka of our institute, were maintained in Dulbecco s modified Eagle s medium containing 5% heat-inactivated horse serum. 

Assay of H-NE. Experiments to determine H-NE released from PC12 cells were performed as describe previously 16). 

Assay of Na and Ca Influxes. Experiments to determine Na and Ca influxes into PC12 cells were done as reported previously (72). 

Na and Ca Influx. PTX caused a concentration-dependent increase in Na and Ca influxes into PC12 cells at concentrations of 10" to 10" M and 10" to 10" M, respectively. The PTX-induced Ca influx was markedly inhibited by Co but not by verapamil or nifedepine, whereas the PTX-induc Na influx was not affected by tetrodotoxin. 

Kazi S, Cohen PR et al (1996) The diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome. Clinical and immunogenetic features in 35 patients. Aids 10(4) 385-391 Keilbaugh SA, Prusoff WH et al (1991) The PC12 cell as a model for studies of the mechanism of induction of peripheral neuropathy by anti-HIV-1 dideoxynucleoside analogs. Biochem Pharmacol 42(1) R5-R8... 

Kasai H (1999) Comparative biology of Ca -dependent exocytosis implications of kinetic diversity for secretory function. Trends Neurosci 22 88-93 Kasai H, Kishimoto T, Liu TT, Miyashita Y, Podini P, Grohovaz F, Meldolesi J (1999) Multiple and diverse forms of regulated exocytosis in wild-type and defective PC12 cells. Proc Natl... 

Lee MK, Kim HS. Inhibitory effects of protoberberine alkaloids from the roots of Coptis japonica on catecholamine biosynthesis in PC12 cells. Planta Med 1996 62 31-34. 

Li YF, Zheng HG, Ming Y, Yi MZ, Zhi PL. Inhibition of the oligosaccharides extracted from Morinda officinalis, a Chinese traditional herbal medicine, on the corticosterone induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Life Sci 2003 72 933-942. 

Uniap MT. Lithium attenuates nerve growth factor-induced activation of AP-1 DNA binding activity in PC12 cells. Neuropsychopharmacology 1997 17 12-17. 

Holz, R. W., Bittner, M. A. and Senter, R. A. Regulated exocytotic fusion I Chromaffin cells and PC12 cells. Methods Enzymol. 219 165-178,1992. 

Neal AP, Yuan Y, Atchison WD (2010) Allethrin differentially modulates voltage-gated calcium channel subtypes in rat PC12 cells. Toxicol Sci 116 604—613... 

Microinjection of the Ras Oncogene Protein into PC12 Cells Induces Morphological Differentiation, D. Bar-Sagi, J. R. Feramisco, Cell 1985, 42, 841-848. 

Johnson JD, Conroy WG, Isom GE. 1987. Effect of pentobarbital on cyanide-induced tremors in mice and calcium accumulation in PC12 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 36 1747-1749. 

Hu Z, Guan W, Wang W, Huang L, Xing H, Zhu Z (2007b) Protective effect of a novel cystine Cm derivative on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Chem. Biol. Interact. 167 135-144. 

For example, Jurkat T cells apoptose in response to serum withdrawal, addition of exogenous cell-permeable ceramide or stimulation with the apoptotic agonist Fas. However, transfection with SPHKl, measured as a 400-600-fold increase in activity, reduced apoptosis and inaeased proliferation (Ohvera et al, 1999). These effects were correlated with an inhibition of the activity of caspase 3, an initiator caspase (Olivera et al, 1999), A similar effect has recently been observed in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells (Edsall etal, 2(X)1). Tropbic withdrawal led to the activation of... 

A horseradish peroxidase-osmium redox polymer-modified glassy carbon electrode (HRP-GCE) has also been applied to this analysis to improve sensitivity and reduce problems with faradic interference. Kato and colleagues (1996) employed this electrode in measurement of basal ACh in microdialysates using a precolumn enzyme reactor. This system was three to five times more sensitive than a conventional Pt electrode. ACh in rat hippocampus dialysate was quantitated at 9 5 fmol/15 pi (n = 8). ACh was analyzed in PC12 cells in a similar assay by Kim and colleagues (2004). No precolumn enzyme reactor was employed. 

Martin D, Salinas M, Lopez-Valdaliso R, Serrano E, Recuero M, et al. 2001. Effect of the Alzheimer amyloid fragment AP(25-35) on Akt/PKB kinase and survival of PC12 cells. J Neurochem 78 1000-1008. 

Enhancing effect of manganese on L-DOPA-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells Role of oxidative stress. J Neurochem 73 1155-1163. 

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