Thymocytes apoptosis

Radu CG, Cheng D, Nijagal A et al (2006) Normal immune development and glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis in mice deficient for the T-cell death-associated gene 8 receptor. Mol Cell Biol 26 668-677... 

Induction of apoptosis has been reported in various mammalian cell lines. In previous studies, it has been reported that TBT induces apoptosis in isolated thymocytes at concentrations which are relevant to those causing thymus atrophy in vivo. TBT can also induce apoptosis in PC12 cells, and in human T-lymphoblastoid CEM cells. While the mechanism of TBT-induced apoptosis is still unknown, it has been reported that TBT stimulates thymocyte apoptosis by a mechanism independent of protein synthesis and under conditions where intracellular ATP levels are severely depleted. ... 

Wyllie, A.H. (1980). Clucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endcgenous endonuclease activation. Nature 284, 555-556. 

Goff, K.F., Hull, B.E., and Grasman, K.A., Effects of PCB 126 on thymocyte apoptosis and immune organ development in white Leghorn chicken embryos, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, Part A, 68, 485, 2005. 

Kelly, C.J., The influence of environmental contaminants on immune organ atrophy and thymocyte apoptosis in herring gull embryos from the Great Lakes, M.S. thesis, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, 2003. 

Skladanowski, A., and Konopa, J., 1993, Adriamycin and daunomycin induce programmed ceU death (apoptosis) in tumor ceUs. Biochem. Pharmacol. 46 375-382 Slater, A.F.G., Nobel, C.S.L, Maelaro, E., Bustamante, J., Kimland, M., and Orrenius, S., 1995, Nitrone spin traps and a nitroxide antioxidant inhibit a common pathway in thymocyte apoptosis. Biochem. J. 306 771-778 Snyder, R., Jowa, L., Witz, G., Kalf, G., and Rushmore, T., 1987, Formation ofreactive metabolites from benzene. Arch. Toxicol. 60 61-64. 

Nicoletti I, Migliorati G, Pagliacci MC, Grignani F, Riccardi C. 1991. A rapid and simple method for measuring thymocyte apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 139 271-279. 

Asada A, Zhao Y, Kondo S, Iwata M (1998) Induction of thymocyte apoptosis by Ca -independent protein kinase C (nPKC) activation and its regulation by cal-cineurin activation. J Biol Chem 273 28392-28398... 

Assert R, Kotter R> Bisping G, Scheppach W, Stahlnecker E, Miiller KM, Dusel G, Schatz H, Pfeiffer A (1999) Anti-proliferative activity of protein kinase C in apical compartments of human colonic crypts evidence for a less activated protein kinase C in small adenomas. Int J Cancer 80 47-53 Azuma Y, Onishi Y, Sato Y, Kizaki H (1993) Induction of mouse thymocyte apoptosis by inhibitors of tyrosine kinases is associated with dephosphorjdation of nuclear proteins. Cell Immimol 152 271-278... 

McConkey DJ, Hartzell P, Jondal M, Orrenius S (1989) Inhibition of DNA fragmentation in thymocytes and isolated thymocyte nuclei by agents that simulate protein kinase C.) Biol Chem 264 13399-13402 McConkey DJ, Nicotera P, Orrenius S (1994) Signalling and chromatin fragmentation in thymocyte apoptosis. Immunol Rev 142 343-363 McCoy C, Smith DE, Cornwell MM (1995) 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate activation of the MDRl promoter is mediated by EGRl. Mol Cell Biol 15 6100-6108... 

Ohmori T, Arteaga C]L (1998) Protein kinase C epsilon translocation and phosphorylation by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) potential role in CDDP-mediated cytotoxicity. Cell Growth Differ 9 345-353 Ojeda F, Guarda MI, Maldonado C, Folch H, Diehl H (1992) Role of protein kinase-C in thymocyte apoptosis induced by irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 61 663-667 Oka M, Ogita K, Ando H, Horikawa T, Hayashibe K, Saito N, Kikkawa U, Ichihashi M (1996) Deletion of specific protein tdnase C subspecies in human melanoma cells. J Cell Physiol 167 406-412... 

Shaposhnikova VV, Dobrovinskaya OR, Eidus LKh, Korystov YN (1994) Dependence of thymocyte apoptosis on protein kinase C and phospholipase A2. FEES Lett 348 317-319... 

Clarke AR, Purdie CA, Harrison DJ, et al. Thymocyte apoptosis induced by p53-dependent and independent pathways. Nature 1993 362 849-852. 

Examples of immunotoxicogenomic studies that have appeared in the literature (reviewed by Baken et al. [132] and Burns-Naas et al. [133]) show that microarray analysis is able to detect known and novel effects of a wide range of immunomo-dulating agents, but they also indicate several pitfalls. The impact of duration of exposure and dose level on the outcome of microarray analysis was for instance illustrated by a series of experiments on the immunosuppressive model compound bis(tri-n-butyl)tinoxide (TBTO). Induction of thymocyte apoptosis by TBTO appeared to precede inhibition of cell proliferation, since the former was found after short... 

Wyllie AH (1980) Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation. Nature London) 284 555-556. 

Calemine JB, Gogal RM Jr, Lengi A, Sponenberg P, Ahmed SA (2002) Immuno-modulation by diethylstilbestrol is dose and gender related effects on thymocyte apoptosis and mitogen-induced proliferation. Toxicology, 178 101-118. 

NGF-induced factor B NGFIBa (also NUR77) NR4A1 Unknown - Role in thymocyte apoptosis... 

McConkey, D.J. and Orrenius, S. (1991) Cell,ular signalling in thymocyte apoptosis. In L.D. Tomei and F.O. Cope... 

Siegel, R.M., Katsumata, M., Miyashita, T., Louie, D.C., Greene, M.I. and Reed, J.C. (1992) Inhibition of thymocyte apoptosis and negative antigenic selection in bcl-2 transgenic mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89 7003-7007. 

Azuma Y, Onishi Y, Sato Y, Kizaki H. Induction of mouse thymocytes apoptosis by inhibitors of tyrosine kinases is associated with dephosphorylation of nuclear proteins. 

Apoptosis-related cellular modification, induced by OA, such as mitochondrial transmembrane potential decrease, cytochrome c release from mitochondrial intermembrane space to the cytosol, activation of multiple caspases isoforms, decreased levels of monomeric Bcl-2 and Bax proteins, phosphorylation of Bcl-2, inhibition of protein synthesis and DNA fragmentation has been described in a large variety of cell lines.Finally, phosphorylation of histones, but not changes in their quantity, was reported to be an early step in DNA fragmentation, as observed in thymocytes apoptosis induced by... 

Lee, E. et al.. Involvement of histone phosphorylation in thymocyte apoptosis by protein phosphatase inhibitors, lUBMB Life, 48, 79, 1999. 

Virag L, Scott GS, Cuzzocrea S et al. Peioxynitrite-induced thymocyte apoptosis The role of caspases and poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) activation. Immunology 1998 94(3) 345-355. 

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