Paved roads

Products obtained as side streams are vacuum gas oil (VGO), lube oil base stocks, and asphalt. Asphalt may be used for paving roads or may be charged to a delayed coking unit. 

Road into the plant (plant within a block of a paved road)... 

In urban areas, the typical dominant sources of fine organic aerosol particles are diesel exhaust, gasoline-powered vehicle exhaust, meat cooking operations, smoke from wood combustion, and paved road dust followed by four smaller sources of particles tire wear, vegetative detritus, natural gas combustion, and cigarette smoke. ... 

We have to put faces on the buyers before we can understand their needs and their means. The final consumers of goods and services are the individuals and households, and the other three sets of buyers are acting on behalf of the final consumers. DuPont buys oil and gas from Exxon to make fibers, which are sold to textile manufacturers and eventually to the public the state government of New Jersey buys asphalt and cement to pave roads for the public and the Asian importers buy perfume and soap for retail stores, and eventually for the public. The sale of a product depends on understanding the customer s customers. ... 

The petroleum refining companies have an intermediate position, since 44% of the products are sold directly to individuals, as gasoline and lube oil at gasoline stations. The other main customers are the four transportation industries taking 12% of products as jet fuel for airplanes, bunker oil for ships, and kerosene for buses and trucks. The Utility-sector buys heavy fuel oil to generate heat and electricity. The heavy sale to the Construction industry is both for fuel and for asphalt for paving roads and for roofs. 

Soil and road dust was found to be the largest single source, accounting for 55% of the particulate. Although several minor sources of rural dust were included in the area s inventory, the study identified a 19,400 ton per year deficiency in the paved road dust emission inventory. 

Road dust underpredictions, based on the initial EPA generalized paved road dust factor, were the most serious problem. Since there are very few unpaved roads within the AQMA, attention turned to upward adjustment of the paved road dust emission factor. 

Particulate Emissions For Paved Roads in Seattle and Tacoma Non-Attainment Areas", Puget Sound Air Pollution Control Agency, July 1979. 

From Huautla de Jimenez we proceeded first to Teotitlan, in a breakneck truck ride along a half-paved road, and from there went on a comfortable car trip back to Mexico City, the starting point of our expedition. I had lost several kilograms in body weight, but was overwhelmingly compensated in enchanting experiences. 

The mixt of asphalt with sand and limestone used in roofing and for paving roads is commonly called "asphalt"... 

Norman M, Johansson C (2006) Studies of some measures to reduce road dust emissions from paved roads in Scandinavia. Atmos Environ 40 6154-6164... 

Hussein T, Johansson C, Karlsson H, Hansson HC (2008) Factors affecting non tailpipe aerosol particle emissions from paved roads on-road measurements in Stockholm, Sweden. Atmos Environ 42(4) 688-702... 

Amato F, Nava S, Lucarelli F, Querol X, Alastuey A, Baldasano JM, Pandolfi M (2010) A comprehensive assessment of PM emissions from paved roads real-world emission factors and intense street cleaning trials. Sci Total Environ 408(20) 4309M318... 

The early Egyptians used a building material very similar to cement. Romans used a building material obtained by mixing lime and volcanic ash. They used it to pave roads and build other structures throughout Europe. 

In 1930 there were more horses, buggies, and wagons than cars. Across Main Street from the railroad line, our family home, on a one acre lot, included a garden, chickens, a cow, two pigs, and flies. I remember when the first paved road and first electric power for homes came to Woodstock in the 1920s. 

From paved roads, unpaved roads, and construction. 

Early in the twentieth century, automobile ownership was concentrated in urban areas—partly as a function of wealth and partly as a function of the availability of paved roads. According to McShane (1994), the... 

Asphalts are viscous or semi-solid residues. Their adhesive and impermeable qualities make them suitable for paving roads, coating roofs, and impregnating wood. They are also used for electrical insulators. 

Yosemite soil, Yosemite National Park, California Obtained with a cleaned shovel at a depth of 10-20 cm. The site was located in a wooded area (various species of pines) behind Summit Meadow (elevation 8000ft) approximately 500-1000 yd from a paved road. 

Chemical Species Paved Road Dust Vegetative Burning Primary Crude Oil Motor Vehicle Limestone... 

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