Separation paved roads

II. Risk and Road Conditions Motorways have the lowest risk on injury accidents compared to other types of roads because of the separation between vehicle movements according to their speed (no high speed variance). (Elvik Vaa, 2004) show that the rate of injury accidents per million vehicle kilometres of travel on motorways is about 25% of the average for all the pubhc roads. Road surface conditions, poor road surface, defects in road design and maintenance contribute to an increase in the risk of accidents. Bester (2001) reported that countries with more paved roads will lead to lower fatality rates. 

Geosynthetics have been used in new road construction in various ways to minimise the previousiy mentioned probiems as weii as in the maintenance of existing paved roads (overiays appiied to strengthen existing pavements). In this category of application the two principal roles for geosynthetics are separation/filtration, and reinforcement. The use of geosynthetics to perform these functions in unpaved and paved roads is discussed in Section 5.1.3.1 and 5.1.3.2. 

The photographs in Fig. 11.2 clearly illustrate situations involving both unpaved and paved roads in which geotextUe separators were not used. Unfortunately the generation of potholes is a common occurrence. As listed subsequently, there are many similar applications in which geotextiles are used as separators (Koemer, 2012). 

Whereas paved roads, unpaved roads, and railroads are extremely large application markets, there are others in which geotextiles serve a primary function of separation. 

Geotextiles used as separators for unpaved and paved roads as well as parking lots represent the largest volume of geotextiles sold in the civil construction market. The... 

Effluent systems must collect from every plant in the factory and a general system will usually be able to handle small quantities of any spillage, but the more it is diluted the easier it is for the system. Specific lines can, of course, accept the waste undiluted. In many factories it is not practicable to separate storm water from paved yards and roads because of possible spillages and, consequently, the effluent system must be capable of handling the surges imposed by heavy and sometimes prolonged rainfall. Where storm water is separated it is important not to pour waste down that system. 

The wide range of end uses for these speciality fabrics, which keeps expanding, includes road paving stabilisation, landhll liners, subsurface drains, soil separation membranes, sediment control fabrics, and membranes for erosion control and weed management and suppression. 

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