Patterns of evolution

Altshuller studied all available sources of information about the evolution of engineering systems, including books on the history of technology and patents. His focus was on patents in various engineering domains that were patented in a number of countries over long time periods, in the order of tens of years. 

As a result of his studies, he produced three surprising and important results. First, he noticed that engineering systems do not evolve randomly. Second, he observed clear objective patterns behind their evolution. Finally, he discovered that the patterns he found were domain independent. In other words, he discovered that the evolution of all engineering systems was governed by the same set of patterns, which he called 

Patterns of Evolution is a set of heuristics describing evolution of all engineering systems over the long period of time. 

At present, nine patterns of evolution are known. They are presented and briefly described with examples in Section 9.7. 

Altshuller and his followers never clearly specified all the assumptions of TRIZ in a single publication. Therefore, the presented assumptions have been compiled from numerous sources, and they are a result of discussions with TRIZ experts. Also, they are presented in the language of inventive engineering. 

---

Chemiluminescence has been studied extensively (2) for several reasons (/) chemiexcitation relates to fundamental molecular interactions and transformations and its study provides access to basic elements of reaction mechanisms and molecular properties (2) efficient chemiluminescence can provide an emergency or portable light source (J) chemiluminescence provides means to detect and measure trace elements and pollutants for environmental control, or clinically important substances (eg, metaboHtes, specific proteins, cancer markers, hormones, DNA) and (4) classification of the hioluminescent relationship between different organisms defines their biological relationship and pattern of evolution. 

In West Europe, a similar pattern of evolution began ia the 1960s with informal meetings and was formalized ia 1967 when the European Chemical Marketing Research Association (ECMRA) became a division of the European Association for Industrial Marketing (EVAE). EVAE was later renamed the Eederation of European Marketing Research Association (EEMRA) and has about 500 members of which about 300 are ECMRA members. 

Aside from providing the targets for HIV-1-induced neuropathogenesis, researchers have also studied the normal functions served by chemokines in the nervous system. One answer to this question can be obtained by considering the evolution of chemokines and their receptors. There are a large number of chemokines that have been identified to date, more than 50 in most mammals. As far as we know, all the actions of chemokines are transduced through stimulation of a family of related, G protein-coupled receptors (Tran and Miller 2003). Research into the pattern of evolution of chemokines and their receptors has revealed that a large expansion of the chemokine family occurred in parallel with the development of a sophisticated... 

Corkill, L. 1942. The inheritance of cyanogenesis. N. Z. J. Sci. Tech., Series B 23 178-193. Cowlishaw, M. G., Bickerstaffe, R. and Connor, H. E. 1983. Intraspecific variation in the epicu-ticular wax composition of four species of Chionochloa. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 11 247-259. Cox, A. 1983. Ages of the Galapagos Islands. Pages 11-23 in R. I. Bowman, M. Berson and A. E. Leviton (eds.) Patterns of Evolution in Galapagos Organisms. AAAS, Pacific Division. San Francisco. 

R. I. Bowman, M. Berson and A. E. Leviton (eds.) Patterns of Evolution in Galapagos Organisms. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Pacific Division. San Francisco. 

A first approach for interpreting the pattern of evolution of radioactive disequilibria in sedimentary and weathering formations has been to use qualitative and empirical laws for the various processes that fractionate nuclides in sub-surface... 

We have shown that the changes of signalling with senses have also been in a systematic sequence with oxidising conditions. The overall pattern of evolution of messengers was of a remarkable change in external carriers of information with a multiplication of varieties of a limited number of internal carriers ... 

Mitchiner, M.B. and Pollard, A.M. (1988). Reckoning counters patterns of evolution in their chemical composition. In Metallurgy in Numismatics 2, ed. Oddy, W.A., Royal Numismatic Society, London, pp. 105-126. 

Temperature of crystal collapse pattern of evolution of organics... 

In other applications the pattern of evolution of styrene, butadiene and acrylonitrile as a function of temperature has provided a unique way for classifying different types of ABS. The loss of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was also detected by MS preceding EVA copolymer degradation [165] BHT was identified at a concentration level of 20 ppm. Lehrle and co-workers [52] have described a successful controlled release system for the stabilisation of rubber by encapsulating efficient but rather mobile antioxidants to prevent loss from the host polymer. The performance of the controlled-release of the antioxidant BHT from alginate matrix particles was studied by means of DSC, TG and TG-MS. Polyisoprene rubber is more resistant to oxidation when protected in this way than by the equivalent concentration of unencapsulated antioxidant. 

Under the experimental conditions noted above sulfur dioxide is evolved, intermittantly, as a function of temperature and distinctive patterns of evolution arise when one compares a given coal before and after chemical desulfurization treatment or when one compares raw coals of different ranks. 

Ballester, M. Carrio, I. Abada, M.L. Patterns of evolution of myocyte damage after human heart transplant detected by 111 in monoclonal antimyosin. Am. J. Cardiol. 1988, 62, 623-627. 

The emergence of the Renaissance can also be explained strictly from an inventive engineering perspective. The sociocultural paradigm that was the Renaissance can be considered as a system. As such, its evolution can be described by patterns of evolution (Clarke 2000, Zlotin and Zusman 2006), which provides an excellent explanation for the nature of expected change. Three types of relevant evolutionary patterns are provided here. 

The attitude of connessione can be quantitatively assessed using tests developed by Gelb (2004). One very personal and life-focused example is a mental exercise called Family Dynamics. This exercise involves answering questions about family and about the functions of its individual members. In addition, there are questions about how the family has changed over time and about the patterns of evolution behind these... 

Patterns of Evolution of Engineering Systems or simply Patterns of Evolution. ... 

All engineering systems evolve over long periods of time following the same objective patterns of evolution. 

Patterns of evolution are intended for the development of engineering systems and for the forecasting of their evolution. 

There are nine patterns of evolution, and they deal with the evolution of engineering systems over time. The time frame depends on the domain. In... 

This is probably the most important and useful pattern of evolution, which has already become a part of universal engineering knowledge and is widely used in many domains. This pattern can be described thus ... 

The system s dynamism is directly associated with its controllability, and thus these two notions are covered by a single pattern of evolution. However, many TRIZ experts consider the issues of dynamism and controllability separately and promote two separate patterns. 

---