Domain engineering

Domain swapping between different DEBS modules or different PKSs has been accomplished mostly in DEBS and and also in other DEBS 

In order to make chimeric PKSs in an efficient and combinatorial fashion, one must be able to clone various AT or reduction domains into DEBS PKS as cassettes. 

Methylmalonyl-CoA DEBS ATs P-keto reduction DEBS KR5 RAPS KR2  

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Figure 16.19 Schematic diagram of SNDM domain engineering system.

Finally, the formation of artificial small inverted domain was reported to demonstrate that sndm system is very useful as a nano-domain engineering tool. The nano-size domain dots were successfully formed in LiTa03 single crystal. This means that we can obtain a very high density ferroelectric data storage with the density above 1 Tbits/inch2. 

Therefore, we have concluded that the sndm is very useful for observing ferroelectric nano domain and local crystal anisotropy of dielectric material with sub-nano meter resolution and also has a quite high potential as a nano-domain engineering tool. 

Piezoresponse Characterization and domain engineering of ferroelectric materials... 

Domain engineering involves the specific domain inactivation and interchange of individual catalytic domains between different PKS modules (Figure 4). Because the AT and reductive domains contribute extensively to polyketide diversity, these domains have been subjected to intense shuffling experiments. A partial compilation of AT domains with different CoA specificity and reductive domains with different tailoring properties are listed in Table 1. 

In this operation model, the operational and maintenance tasks performed by offshore operators are dependent on remote support from onshore discipline experts (engineers). Their function is to manage technical tasks within operations and maintenance. For example, the electro discipline has one domain engineer responsible for planning and supporting the work of the electricians on the platform. This engineer is a domain expert and system responsible. A similar situation exists for the other disciplines on board... 

Figure 18.1 Electromechanical responses for various materials, (a) Electromechanical ceramics [8] (b) Domain-engineered (001) single C7stal of Pb(ZnT/3Nb2/3)o,955Tio.o4503 [9].

Figure 18.5 Possible domain orientation states in an unpoled rhombohedral crystal and in the domain-engineered crystal poled along the [001] direction.

Davis, M Budimir, M Damjanovic, D and Setter, N. (2007) Rotatorand extender ferroelectrics Importance of the shear coefficient to the piezoelectric properties of domain-engineered crystals and ceramics./. Appl. Phys., 101 (5),... 

The feamre oriented domain analysis-approach (FODA) introduced by Kang [12] uses feamre models which are today almost established as a standard mean to specify the variability of products. They allow for a description of the domain engineering and the application engineering model variability within the Product-Line-Engineering... 

Shur, V. 2006. Domain engineering in lithium niobate and lithium tantalate domain wall... 

Product-line establishment process (domain engineering)... 

In the domain engineering process, the product-line scope is defined, permitted variations are identified and the reference architecture and core assets are developed [2]. Subsequently, in the product derivation process, products within the scope of the product line are developed from the reusable assets, according to permitted variations. 

Kaneko E, Niwa R. Optimizing therapeutic antibody function progress with Fc domain engineering. BioDrugs. 2011 25 1-11. 

Integration of object models is implemented by neutral process model, neutral process data and related process rules. Neutral data files are used for some process software with specific input/output data file such as Aspen Plus and Pro II. For a real process unit, however, the physical properties, design parameters and operation parameters are same to the different process models. These parameters are defined, classified and standardized by STEP to facilitate different domain engineers to understand and use. These standardized date files may also be transformed to a specific input/output file under some application protocol, which make the process data exchange between different software effectively (AspenTech, 1998). 

Based on agent-oriented analysis and modeling methodology, the process models and operation task models are set up for the process operation system. These models respond to real chemical process directly, which are easy to be understood and adopted by the different domain engineers. So the agent-oriented modeling method remedy the difficulties of transformation from the system analysis to the model construction, then to the software design. The results of simulation and optimization from these models can be used to direct the real chemical process. 

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