Patinopecten

Terao, K., et al., Histopathological studies on experimental marine toxin poisoning - 5. The effects in mice of yessotoxin isolated from Patinopecten yessoensis and of a desulfated derivative, Toxicon, 28, 9, 1095, 1990. 

Yessotoxin (214) is a polyether from the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis and has been implicated in diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). The structure and partial stereochemistry of yessotoxin were deduced from spectral data [219]. The relative stereochemistry of yessotoxin and the structures of two new analogues, 45-hydroxyyessotoxin (215) and 45,46,47-trinoryessotoxin (216) were also established [220]. The absolute stereochemistry of yessotoxin (214) was determined by NMR spectroscopy using a chiral anisotropic reagent [221]. The absolute configuration at C45 in 45-hydroxyyessotoxin (215), isolated from P. yessoensis, was determined by the use of a modified Mosher s method [222]. 

S. Otsuka H. Eguchi, Seasonings Containing Amino Acids, Nucleotides, Inorganic Salts, and Glycogen or Amylopectin with Similar Taste with Adductor Muscle of Scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis). JP Patent Appl. 63,063,362, 1988. 

Karaki, H., Matsuura, Y., Hori, M., Yoshimoto, R., Ozaki, H., andYasumoto, T. 1999. Pectenotoxin-2, anew actin depolymerizing compound isolated from scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. Jpn J Pharmacol 79, 268P. 

Suzuki, T, Igarashi, T, Ichimi, K., Watai, M., Suzuki, M., Ogiso, E., and Yasumoto, T. 2005a. Kinetics of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins, okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1, pectenotoxin-6 and yessotoxin in scallops Patinopecten yessoensis. 

From the initial discovery of YTX as a bioactive compound accumulated in the Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis (Murata et al. 1987), it had taken another 10 years before P. reticulatum was identified unequivocally as one of the causative organisms of YTXs (Satake et al. 1997a). The authors showed production of YTX in cultured P. reticulatum (3 pg/cell), isolated from a bloom in New Zealand in 1996. 

Suzuki, T, Ota, H., and Yamasaki, M. 1999. Direct evidence of transformation of dinophysistoxin-1 to 7-0-acyl-dinophysis-toxin-1 (dinophysistoxin-3) in the scahop Patinopecten yessoensis. Toxicon 37(1), 187-198. 

Norcholesterol in the sponge Axinella polypoides has been shown to be derived from dietary cholesterol and a series of unusual C26 sterols, claimed to be formed from 24-epibrassicasterol, has been found in the scallop Patinopecten yessoensisf ... 

Matsutani, T. and Nomura, T. (1987) In vitro effects of serotonin and prostaglandins on release of eggs from the ovary of the scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 67, 111-118. 

Osada, M. and Nomura, T. (1989) Estrogen effect on the seasonal levels of catecholamines in the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 93C, 349-353. 

A new C3o-sterol, (24Z)-24-propylidenecholest-5-en-3-j8-ol (84) was isolated from the scallop, P. magellanicus [128]. Occelasterol (85), (22 ,24S)-27-nor-24-methyl-cholesta-5,22-dien-3)8-ol, and its 5,6-dihydro analogue, patinosterol, were isolated from the scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis [129] (Fig. 11). 

Hata, K., et al.. The structures of shellfish glycogens II. A comparative study of the structures of glycogens from oyster (Crassostrea gigas), scallop (Patinopecten yessoen-sis) and abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). J Jpn Soc Starch Sci 30(1) 95-101, 1983. 

Ogata, T., et al.. The occurrence of Protogonyaulax spp. In Ofunato Bay, in association with the toxifica-tion of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis, Nippon Suisann Gakkaishi, 48, 563, 1982. 

Sekiguchi, K., et al.. Accumulation and depuration kinetics of paralytic shellfish toxins in the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis ied Alexandrium tamarense. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 220, 213, 2001. 

O-acyl-dinophysistoxin-l (dinophysistoxin-3) in the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. Toxicon, 37, 187-198. 

Mytilus edulis, M. galloprovincialis, Perna canaliculus, Pecten novaezelandiae Patinopecten yessoensis... 

The main structural features of yessotoxin (YTX, 1) (Figure 13.1) consist of a ladder-shaped polycyclic ether skeleton, an unsaturated terminal side chain of nine carbons, and two sulfate groups. It was first isolated from scallops, Patinopecten yessoensis, that were implicated in a DSP episode in Japan. The planar structure of YTX was elucidated by means of 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, and confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (FAB MS/MS) experiments " the stereochemical details were successively determined by assigning the relative and then the absolute stereochemistry. YTX has subsequently been isolated from shellfish collected along the coasts of several different countries such as Norway, Chile, New Zealand, Italy, suggesting the spread of this toxin worldwide. 

Yessotoxin, a disulfated polyether, was first reported as a contaminant of the scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, in Japan in 1987 [1]. Since then, yessotoxin has been identified in shellfish from Norway... 

Hashimoto, S., Suzuki, T., Shirota, Y, Honma, M., Itahashi, Y, Chyounan, T., and Kamiyama, T., Lipophihc toxin prohle associated with diarrhetic sheUhsh poisoning in scallops, Patinopecten yessoensis, coUected in Hokkaido and comparison of the quantitative results between LC/MS and mouse bioassay. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 47, 33, 2006. 

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