Adductor Muscles

Invertebrates (crustacea and molluscs) readily accumulate hydrocarbons when exposed for more than a few hours through surrounding water. In crustacea, thoracic and abdominal sections (21,22), gills (22,23), stomach (22, 23), hepatopancreas (23), muscle (23), gonad (23), and blood (23j are sites of hydrocarbon accumulation. In molluscs, gills (24,25), adductor muscle (24, 25), viscera (25), mantle (24,25), and foot (25) are tissues in which hydrocarbons were identified in challenged organisms. 

In Vivo Exposures. Aldrin (200 yg/200 yl DMSO or methanol) was administered by injection into the posterior adductor muscle or slowly released from a syringe (27 gauge, 1/2 inch) directly onto viscera. Mussels in situ in their natural habitat and others contained in small cheesecloth bags were also treated. After... 

Aldrin has been administered in vivo by injection into the posterior adductor muscle and by topical application to tissues (primarily gill). During the test period, animals have been left undisturbed in the ocean surf, confined in retrievable traps, or held in beakers at the study site and in the laboratory. Study periods have varied from 2 to 24 hours. Animals frozen and later homogenized and extracted yielded homogenates which contained aldrin and dieldrin and no other electron-capturing metabolites compared to controls. 

Biochemical studies with mussel tissue homogenates and microsomal fractions have been conducted using viscera (whole mussel minus adductor muscles), green gland, gill, and mantle. Using aerobic conditions and an NADPH-generating system, the metabolism of aldrin and p-nitroanisole have been observed. 

Reddy, S.R. Roustan, C. Benyamin, Y Purification and properties of two molecular forms of arginine kinase from the adductor muscle of the scallop, Pecten maximus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, 99, 387-394 (1991)... 

Figure 19-13 Superimposed sections for the 14 nm thickness of a computer-assisted reconstruction of the myosin filaments of the scallop adductor muscle. From Vibert and Craig.137...

Craig, R., Padron, R., and Alamo, L. (1991). Direct determination of myosin filament symmetry in scallop striated adductor muscle by rapid freezing and freeze substitution./. Mol. Biol. 220, 125-132. 

Because the experimentally observed Vm is -95 mV, the plasma membrane in the adductor muscle must be permeable to some other ion or combination of ions. 

S. Otsuka H. Eguchi, Seasonings Containing Amino Acids, Nucleotides, Inorganic Salts, and Glycogen or Amylopectin with Similar Taste with Adductor Muscle of Scallops (Patinopecten yessoensis). JP Patent Appl. 63,063,362, 1988. 

Barium, however, is taken up not only by the kidneys of molluscs, but also is measurable in the adductor muscles and digestive gland. 

After the war, Bailey returned to studies on muscle, and announced in 1946 the isolation from vertebrate muscle of tropomyosin B, a new myofibrillar protein with unusual properties. This achievement and the later discovery of the family of tropomyosins A are Bailey s most important contributions to the muscle field. The latter protein was shown to be responsible for the paramyosin X-ray diffraction pattern characteristic of molluscan adductor muscles and opened up a new field of interest. The tropomyosins possess a number of remarkable properties which are just those which we would have expected to excite his interest—one cannot help feeling that these proteins were almost custom-built for him. Their function is still something of a mystery but the... 

The hydrothermal vent shrimp, Rimicuris exoculata, which is known to be a primary consumer of the chemolithoautotrophic bacteria, contained 13 pg/g of arsenic almost exclusively as arsenobetaine 54. The major parts of the extractable arsenic species in the adductor muscle/mantle tissues and in the gill were present as riboside derivatives 56 and 57, while 54 was present at 16% and 3.6%, respectively, in these tissues... 

FIGURE 5.27 Effect of high-pressure or heat treatment on total color difference (AE) of oyster adductor muscle (dorsal side, ) and oyster tissue (ventral side, ). (From Cruz, M.R. et al., Innovat. Food Sci. Emerg. TechnoL, 8, 30, 2007. With permission.)... 

Paredi, M.E., De Vido de Mattio, N.A., and Crupkin, M. 1996. Biochemical properties of actomyosin and expressible moisture of frozen stored striated adductor muscles of Aulacomya ater ater (Molina) Effects of polyphosphates. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44 3108-3122. 

The toxicity decreases as follows foot> mantle > gills >digestive gland > muscle. Indeed, the foot accumulates the highest toxicity which represents 37 % of total toxicity and the majority of toxicity (85 %) is concentrated in the non-visceral bodies (Foot, mantle, adductor muscle and... 

The results obtained in Figure 3 show that the foot binds 37 % of the toxicity, come thereafter the mantle (21.7 %), the hepatopancreas (18.6 %), the adductor muscle (12.4 %) and finally the gills (10.5 %). Thus, the foot presents a capacity of binding the PSP toxins of 66%, Indeed, it is able to bind the 2 thirds of initial toxicity. And thus we determined the foot to be a better source of PSPBP. 

Experimental. All the ORD studies were made with paramyosin prepared from the white portion of the adductor muscle of the clam Venus mercenaria, as outlined by Riddiford and Scheraga (47). The experimental procedure has been given in detail (46). All ORD measurements were made on the Cary model 60 recording spectropolarimeter at 23° =b 2°C., except as otherwise noted. 

---