Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins

Figure 5.59 Molecular structures of the diarrhetic shellfish poisons (a) pectenotoxin-6 (PTX6) (b) okadaic acid (OA) (c) dinophysistoxin-1 (DTXl) (d) yessotoxin (YTX). Reprinted from J. Chromatogr., A, 943, Matrix effect and correction by standard addition in quantitative liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins , Ito, S. and Tsukada, K., 39-46, Copyright (2002), with permission from Elsevier Science.

Ito, S. and Tsukada, K., Matrix effect and correlation by standard addition in quantitative liquid chromatographic spectrometric analysis of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins, J. Chromatogr., 943, 39 16, 2002. 

Suzuki, T, Igarashi, T, Ichimi, K., Watai, M., Suzuki, M., Ogiso, E., and Yasumoto, T. 2005a. Kinetics of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins, okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1, pectenotoxin-6 and yessotoxin in scallops Patinopecten yessoensis. 

Suzuki, T, and Yasumoto, T. 2000. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the diarrhetic shellfish-poisoning toxins okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-1 and pectenotoxin-6 in bivalves. J ChromatogrA 874, 199-206. 

Jorgensen, K., Scanlon, S., and Jensen, L.B. 2005. Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxin esters in Danish blue mussels and surf clams. FoodAdd Contam 22(8), 743-751. 

Marr, J.C., Hu, T, Pleasance, S., Quilliam, M.A., and Wright, J.L.C. 1992. Detection of new 7-O-acyl derivatives of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Toxicon 30(12), 1621-1630. 

Quilliam, M.A., and Ross, N.W. 1996. Analysis of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins and metabolites in plankton and shellfish by ion-spray liquid chromatography-mass specfi omefiy hi Biochemical and Biotechnological Applications of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, ed. Snyder, A.P. Washington, DC American Chemical Society, 351-364. 

Meriluoto, J., and Spoof, L., Analysis of microcystins by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection. In TOXIC Cyanobacterial Monitoring and Cyanotoxin Analysis. Meriluoto, J. and Codd, G.A. (Eds.), Turku Abo Akademi University Press, Finland, 2005, p. 77. Pleasance, S., Quilliam, M.A. and Marr, J.C. lonspray mass spectrometry of marine toxins. IV. Determination of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins in mussel tissue by LC-MS. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 6, 121, 1992. 

Gonzalez, J.C. et al.. Development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method using fluorimetric detection for the determination of the diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxin okadaic acid without chlorinated solvents, J Chromatogr A 876, 117, 2000. 

Quitham, M. (1995) Analysis of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins in shellfish tissue by hquid chromatography with fluorometric and mass spectrometric detection. Journal ofAOAC International, 78, 2, 555-573. 

Maneiro, 1. et al.. Zooplankton as a potential transmission vector of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins through the food web. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Sen, 201, 155, 2000. 

Only soft ionizing interfaces such as TSP [235], FAB [236-238] and API interfacing techniques (cf 15.3.3.2 ESI, toxins) were able to handle thermolabile, polar seafood toxins that were classified, e.g., as amnesic shellfish-poisoning toxin, paralytic shellfish-poisoning toxin and as diarrhetic shellfish-poisoning toxin, according to the toxic results observed after ingestion. 

P. Vale, Chemistry of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins, in L.M. Botana (Ed.), Phytotoxins, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Blackwell Publishing, Ames, Iowa, 2007, pp. 211-223. 

Pleasance S, Quilliam M, Marr J. lonspray mass spectrometry of marine toxins, IV. Determination of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins in mussel tissue by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Comm Mass Spec 1992 6 121-7. 

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