Crassostrea gigas

Figure 3 Annual oyster (Crassostrea gigas) production in Arcachon Bay, 1978-85 restrictions on TBT use were first applied in January 1982 (Data taken from Alzieu )...

The negative effects of TBT have been observed in the bivalve larval development of Crassostrea gigas, Mylilus edulisf Venus gallina, Spams aurata, in Nassarius reticulate and in the hermaphroditic snails Phisa fontinalis and Adelomelon brasiliana Since TBT exerts a variety of toxic actions on some mollusks and fishes , an adverse effect of TBT on human health is a real threat. ... 

Apart from gastropods, harmful effects of TBT have also been demonstrated in oysters (Environmental Health Criteria 116, Thain and Waldock 1986). Early work established that adult Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) showed shell thickening caused by the development of gel centers when exposed to 0.2 pg/L of TBT fluoride (Alzieu et al. 1982). Subsequent work established the no observable effect level (NOEL) for shell thickening in this, the most sensitive of the tested species, at about 20 ng/L. It has been suggested that shell thickening is a consequence of the effect of TBT on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (Alzieu et al. 1982). Reduced ATP production may retard the function of Ca++ ATPase, which is responsible for the Ca++ transport that leads to CaCOj deposition during the course of shell formation. Abnormal calcification causes distortion of the shell layers. 

Alzieu, C., Heral, M., Thibaud, Y. et al. (1982). Influence des peintures antisalissures a base d organostanniques sur la calcification de la coquiUe de Thuitre Crassostrea gigas. Rev. Trav. Inst. Peches Mark. 45, 101-116. 

Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas soft parts 0.8 (0.2—2.9) DW 92... 

Ayling, G.M. 1974. Uptake of cadmium, zinc, copper, lead and chromium in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, grown in the Tamar River, Tasmania. Water Res. 8 729-738. 

Copper is the active agent in many antifouling paints applied to watercraft (Aaseth and Norseth 1986 Hall et al. 1988). The growing use of copper-based paints subsequent to the prohibition in 1982 of tributyltin-based paints (Hall et al. 1988) is associated with elevated copper concentrations in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) farmed in the Bay of Arcachon, France (Claisse and Alzieu 1993). 

Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, soft parts 909 (113-2805) DW 134... 

Cheung, Y.H. and M.H. Wong. 1992. Trace metal contents of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) purchased from markets in Hong Kong. Environ. Manage. 16 753-761. 

Coglianse, M.P. and M. Martin. 1981. Individual and interactive effects of environmental stress on the embryonic development of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. I. The toxicity of copper and silver. Mar. Environ. Res. 5 13-27. 

Ettajani, H., C. Amiard-Triquet, and J.C. Amiard. 1992. Etude experimentale du transfert de deux elements traces (Ag, Cu) dans une chaine trophique marine eau — particules (sediment natural, microalgue) — mollusques filtreurs (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg). Water Air Soil Pollut. 65 215-236. 

Okazaki, R.K. 1976. Copper toxicity in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16 658-664. 

Pacific scallop, Chlamys ferrei nipponensis Soft parts Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas 48 DW 2... 

Glickstein, N. 1978. Acute toxicity of mercury and selenium to Crassostrea gigas embryos and Cancer magister larvae. Mar. Biol. 49 113-117. 

Berthet, B., C. Amiard-Triquet, and R. Martoja. 1990. Effets chimiques et histologiques de la decontamination de l huitre Crassostrea gigas Thurberg prealablement exposee a 1 argent. Water Air Soil Pollut. 50 355-369. 

Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Soft parts... 

Davies, I.M., J.C. McKie, and J, D. Paul. 1986. Accumulation of tin and tributyltin from anti-fouling paint by cultivated scallops (Pecten maximum) and Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Aquaculture 55 103-114. 

Lawler, I.F. and J.C. Aldrich. 1987. Sublethal effects of bis/tri-n-butyltin(oxide on Crassostrea gigas spat. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 18 274-278. 

Paul, J.D. and I.M. Davies. 1986. Effects of copper- and tin-based anti-fouling compounds on the growth of scallops (Pecten maximus) and oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Aquaculture 54 191-203. 

Shim, W.J., J.R. Oh, S.H. Kahng, J.H. Shim, and S.H. Lee. 1998. Accumulation of tributyl- and triphenyltin compounds in Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, from the Chinhae Bay system, Korea. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 35 41-47. 

Waldock, MJ. and J.E. Thain. 1983. Shell thickening in Crassostrea gigas organotin antifouhng or sediment induced Mar. Pollut. Bull. 14 41 I -415. 

C. fluminea 1000 Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas After exposure for 30 days, about 30% dead. Survivors had osmoregulatory impairment and residues, in mg Zn/kg DW soft parts, of 2000 vs. 200 in controls. Depuration complete by day 17 post-exposure, and growth rate returns to normal 10... 

Amiard-Triquet, C., J.C. Amiard, B. Berthet, and C. Metayer. 1988. Field and experimental study of the bioaccumulation of some trace metals in a coastal food chain seston, oyster (Crassostrea gigas), drill ( Ocenebra erinacea). Water Sci. Technol. 20 13-21. 

Brereton, A., H. Lord, I. Thornton, and J.S. Webb. 1973. Effect of zinc on growth and development of larvae of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Mar. Biol. 19 96-101. 

Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas 55 62% of exposed embryos developed abnormally in 48 h 1... 

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