Patch textiles

A 57-year-old man developed a pigmented contact dermatitis after using topical minoxidil 5% for 2 years (12). Patch tests were negative with the European standard series and with a textile and finishes series, but positive with minoxidil 5% on days 3 and 7. However, withdrawal of the minoxidil did not lead to improvement after 10 months. 

The monoazoic compound Disperse Blue 124 (Figure 7) is the most frequently positive dye on patch testing with the textile series, particularly in women. It is probably the main cause of textile contact dermatitis today. It is closely related to another azo dye, Disperse Blue 106 (Figure 8), marketed since 1985, and both are frequently used together. This latter dye seems to have the stronger sensitizing potential and can provoke infiltrated lesions. Concomitant positive reactions to both Disperse Blue 106 and 124 are expected because of their structural similarity, and are very consistent. 

In a study of allergic contact dermatitis in consumers, 1813 consecutive patients were tested with an additional textile series of 12 reactive dyes, and 18 patients (0.99%) were found to be sensitized to reactive dyes. However, only five patients had a history of intolerance to garments, and two of the four patch tests performed with pieces of garment were positive. In practice, reactive dyes in clothing should not be sensitizers. If they can be extracted from fibers, they are in a hydrolyzed, nonsensitizing form. 

Textile-based sensors have been integrated into mattresses, pyjamas/underwear, and caps/patches to monitor various parameters. This section gives an overview of the state-of-the-art textile-based sensor systems for sleep monitoring. 

Morris, D., Coyle, S., Wu, Y., Lau, K.T., Wallace, G., Diamond, D., 2009. Bio-sensing textile based patch with integrated optical detection system for sweat monitoring. Sens. Actuators... 

In patients sensitive to p-phenylenediamine, the intake of certain azo dyes caused a flare of their dermatitis (Baer and Leider 1949 Sidi and Arouete 1959). The cross-reactivity between various allergenic dyes has been tested by Weirich (1961). Contact dermatitis to azo dyes employed in the textile and leather industries was described by Sultrmond et al. (1967). Roeleveld and van Ketel (1976) reported a patient with a dermatitis caused by a yellow shirt. The patch test was positive to the azo dye, tartrazine. Interestingly the eruptions worsened after drinking orange juice which could have contained tartrazine. Calnan (1976) found positive patch tests to quinazoline yellow which is used in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. Grater (1976) reported 133 positive reactions to a set of such dyes. 

Uses Extender for plastics, coatings, adhesives, sealants, patching compds., automotive underbody coatings, modeling clays, building materials, explosives, foams, textile printing inks, paper mfg., carpets, syn. wood, roof coatings, polymer concrete, wire and cable, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals... 

In traditional microwave systems antennae are fabricated on rigid substrates, as wires or as hollow structures. Antennae on textiles have been demonstrated earlier but only with limited design variations, mainly as microstrip patch or slot antennae. There is a need to explore different structures especially in view of multi-fiequency or wideband operation. 

However, polyester and PTFE textiles, as well as expanded PTFE, are available as flat sheets. The textile materials are available as knits, weaves, and felts. These materials are used for patches and suture buttresses. 

With the industrial revolution came new discoveries and the development of the manufactured fibers industry, which was able to produce more new fibers than could be obtained from nature. The use of medical textiles derived from natural and man-made fibers as drug carriers increased dramatically, mainly in the form of bandages, therapeutic textiles, healthcare textiles, wound dressings, surgical operative sutures, transdermal patches for dermatosis and also for specific diseases. 

A 43-year-old man with recurrent vesicular eczema on the hands, wrists, feet, ankles, and lower legs underwent patch testing, which was positive to potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride, nickel sulfate, chromium sulfate, ammoniated mercury, and phenylmercuric acetate [44 ]. Despite avoidance of contact with metals, leather, dark-coloured textiles, and dyes, and a low chromate and nickel diet for the next month, the lesions failed to improve. However, when he stopped taking multivitamin/multimineral tablets that... 

Skin In 14464 patients (68% women and 32% men) with suspected allergic dermatitis who underwent patch tests about 10% reacted positively to cobalt chloride [43 ]. Cobalt sensitization was associated with textile and leather work in women and with cleaning work in men. 

When compiling the dyes for Tables 1 and 2, we included every dye that was identified in the literature as being a textile allergen, keeping track of how many independent reports and how many patients were patch-test positive in each report. Note that there are... 

Fowler et al. retrospectively tested the identified patients with the Chemotechnique Diagnostic patch-test series or the Hermal textile series, the North American Contact Dermatitis Group standard screening tray, and other selected allergens. They used Finn Chambers, removed the patches at two days, and read them at 4 days or 7 days. Of the 678 patients, 16 were patch-test positive to textile formaldehyde resins. Formaldehyde-releasing preservatives as well as to textile formaldehyde resins caused allergic reactions in 12 patients. 

The data indicate that, in many cases, the causal agent was probably formaldehyde released from the resin. In both studies, most patients were patch-test positive to both formaldehyde and to a textile formaldehyde resin. More patch tests were positive when resins releasing high amounts of formaldehyde were applied than when resins releasing medium- or low amounts of formaldehyde were applied. 

The data also indicate that, in some cases, the causal agent is probably the resin itself (not the formaldehyde that it may release). A significant number of patients -3 of 11 in the Sherertz study (1992) and 4 of 16 in the Fowler et al. study (1992) - were patch-test positive to textile formaldehyde resin without being patch-test positive to formaldehyde. 

Lisboa C, Barros MA, Azenha A (1994) Contact dermatitis fi-om textile dyes. Contact Dermatitis 31 9-10 Maibach, H (1975) Panty hose dermatitis resembling and complicating tinea pedis. Contact Dermatitis 1 329-330 Manzini BM, Seidenari S, Danese P, Motolese A (1991) Contact sensitization to newly patch tested non-disperse textile dyes. Contact Dermatitis 25 331-332... 

Manzini BM, Motolese A, Conti A, Ferdani G, Seidenari S (1996a) Sensitization to reactive textile dyes in patients with contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 34 172-175 Manzini BM, Donini M, Motolese A, Seidenari S (1996b) A study of 5 newly patch-tested reactive textile dyes. Contact Dermatitis 35 313... 

Patrizi A, Lanzarini M, Tosti A (1990) Persistent patch test reactions to textile dyes. Contact Dermatitis 23 60-61... 

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