Brilliant Cresyl Blue

CA Index Name Phenoxazin-5-ium, 3-amino-7-(diethylamino)-2-methyl-, chlorozincate (2 1) 

Other Names 3-Amino-7-(diethylamino)-2-methyl-phenoxazin-5-ium chlorozincate BCB Brilliant Cresyl Blue Brilliant Cresyl Blue ALD Brilliant Cresyl Blue BB Brilliant Blue C C.I. 51010 Merck Index Number Not listed 

Chemical/Dye Class Phenoxazine Molecular Formula Ci7H2oClN30 0.5 ZnCl2 Molecular Weight 385.96 Physical Form Green crystalline powder Solubility Soluble in water, ethanol Melting Point 233-236°C 

Staining Applications Brain tissue nuclei plant chromosomes reticulocytes platelets reticulated red 

Indnstrial Applications Optical data storage Safety/Toxicity No data available Certification/Approval Certified by Biological Stain 

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Brilliant cresyl blue [3-amino-9-dimethyl- 0.583 0.047 0-11 Colorless to blue... 

Brilliant Cresyl Blue [4712-70-3] M 332.8, pK 3.2. Crystd from pet ether. 

Fig. 4.60. Comparison of resonance Raman spectra with and without tip enhancement for 0.5 monolayers of brilliant cresyl blue on a smooth gold film. The tip increased the total Raman intensity by a factor of approximately 15, when positioned at a tunneling distance of 1 nm. Several other bands were made visible as a result of the tip enhancement [4.306].

Brilliant cresyl blue (acid) Aminodiethylaminomethyldiphenazonium chloride ao-i.o Red-orange Blue ... 

Brilliant cresyl blue (base) Aminodiethylaminomethyldiphenazonium chloride 10.8-12.0 Blue Yellow ... 

Pettinger et al. observed a TERS spectrum of monolayer-thick brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) adsorbed on a smooth Au film surface by using a Ag tip, while no STM image of the adsorbed surface was shovm [23]. The Raman intensity increased when the tip was in the tunneling position, meaning that the tip-surface distance was around 1 nm. They calculated the field enhancement factor by the method described by... 

The reductive acetylation of Brilliant Cresyl Blue (29) yields 1,9-dimethyl-4-acetamido-8-diethylaminoimidazophenoxazine (30) which gives a purple image in electrolytic recording.12 Other similar oxazine leucos (31-34) have also been developed for electrolytic recording.13 The leucos 33 and 34 produce blue violet images. 

Synthetic Method 7 l,9-dimethyl-4-acetarnido-8-diethylaminoimidazo-phenoxazine (31) (procedure from U.S. Patent 4,604,462). 12 A mixture of 10 g of l,3-diamino-7-diethylamino-8-methylphenoxazin-5-ium chloride (Brilliant Cresyl Blue), 50 ml of acetic anhydride, 10 g of zinc dust, and 10 ml of pyridine was maintained at 85 to 90°C for approximately 1 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured into a mixture of water and toluene and the resulting aqueous layer was discarded. The toluene solution was washed twice, first with water and then with... 

Fig. 3.174. Example of NACE electropherogram of mixture of dyes (1, Janus Green 2, Brilliant Cresyl Blue 3, Sudan Black 4, Thymolphtalein 5, Phenolphtalein) in acetonitrile. Added ionic liquid was l-butyl-3-methyl fluoroacetate (3.3 mg/ml). Applied voltage +18kV, current 8 pA. Reprinted with permission from M. Vaher et al. [207].

Methylene blue, new methylene blue, thionine blue, Capri blue, cresyl blue, brilliant cresyl blue, Nile blue, Basle blue, Mel-dola s blue, fast navy blue, new blue, metamine blue, naphthol u, blue, metaphenylene blue, paraphenylene blue, mdamine blue, indazine, neutral blue, muscanne, diphene blue, rhoduline blue, rhoduline sky blue frl ... 

Notes to Table VIII.4 1. It is essential that the acidity with respect to hydrochloric acid should not exceed m, otherwise a turbid supernatant liquid is obtained and the removal of phosphate is not quite complete. Test with methyl violet or any other suitable indicator (brilliant cresyl blue, cresol red, etc.). 

The percent of cells undergoing rosette formation can be quandfled by empirically determining (microscopically) the number oftarget cells that have associated with a given number (e.g., four) of erythrocytes. The cells can be stained with brilliant cresyl blue for clarity. 

The antibody-coated red cells are prepared as previously described. It is particularly important for this procedure that the indicator red cells are absolutely free of clumps. The sensitivity of coated cells can be assayed by reverse passive hemagglutination if, as in the model under consideration, the antigen is available in soluble form. The cells under study are washed in suitable tissue culture medium or other buffered solution and suspended at a concentration of 10 per milliliter in the same diluent to which serum has been added (usually 1% fetal calf serum). A small volume (50-100 /U.1) of the cell suspension is placed in a 10 x 75 mm disposable tube. The addition of an equal volume of 1% coated red cells results in a mixture that contains about 25 red cells per lymphocyte. Linkage of antibody on the red cells to the corresponding antigen determinant on the surface of the lymphocyte results in the formation of a rosette or lymphocyte surrounded by red cells. The mixing of cells and incubation for at least 1 hr are done in an ice bath. The tubes are then centrifuged very briefly (1 min at 1000 g), and a drop of dye is added to tint the lymphocytes (e.g., crystal violet or brilliant cresyl blue). The mixture is then aspirated four or five times with a Pasteur pipette and examined in a hemacytometer chamber at about 400 x. A cell is scored as a rosette if it is surrounded by three or more adherent erythrocytes, and usually 300 cells are counted. 

It may be that the staining of cells is not always due to the presence of Hb-F, and immature cells particularly stain with the dye because of the reticulum filaments that are present (B33). It is recommended to incubate the cells with a 1% brilliant cresyl blue solution in physiological saline for 4 minutes which will aggregate the RNA satisfactory results can usually be obtained with this preparation and false positive F cells are often eliminated. 

Kieselgel Bromocresol green Bromocresol green Eriochrome black T Eriochrome black T Eriochrome black T Brilliant cresyl blue... 

The antibacterial activity of two novel compounds, phenothiazinium new methylene blue N and phenoxazinium brilliant cresyl blue, was investigated [124]. It was found that the two compounds exhibited their bactericidal activity at lower concentrations when compared to the well-established phenothiaziniums, such as methylene blue and toluidine blue O, as well as a recently synthesized blood photovirucidal agent of 1,9-dimethyl-methylene blue. The photoactivity of these compounds was undiminished in the presence of red blood cells [ 124],... 

HbH and many unstable hemoglobins spontaneously precipitate within the red cells, forming Heinz bodies, which can be detected in splenectomized patients by staining with methylene blue. Alternatively, precipitation of these hemoglobins can be induced and the precipitates visualized by incubation of the erythrocytes with a redox dye such as brilliant cresyl blue (Chapter 28). 

Diphenylamine in aqueous Triton X-100 medium was applied to determine Ag in photographic print paper [3]. The catalytic effect of Ag on the peroxodisulfate oxidation of Brilliant Cresyl Blue with 1,10-phenanthroline as activator makes the basis of the determination of Ag in river water [4]. 

Brilliant Cresyl Blue (W-diethyl-3-imino-8-methyl-3H-phenoxazin-7-amine hydrochloride)... 

Kinetic spectrophotometric determination methods for Ag(I) were proposed, based on the strong catalytic effect of this ion on the controlled oxidation of various dyes, by measuring the rate of change of absorbance. Some recently published examples are Ag(I)-catalyzed peroxodisulfate oxidation of brilliant cresyl blue (33)104 or gallocyanine (34)105, both in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline (35) and hexacyanoferrate (36) oxidation of indigo carmine (37)106. 

Other phenothiazine dyes, such as methylene green (MG), brilliant cresyl blue (BCB), janus green (JG), toluidine blue (TB), and azure A (AA), can also be immobilized on Pt electrode surfaces by adsorption and the cyclic potential scan method used to prepare MB CMEs." The MG, BCB, JG, TB, and AA CMEs were all found to facilitate effectively the electrochemical reactions of redox proteins and the modified... 

Fig. 10.13 Tip-enhanced Raman spectra of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) dispersed on a glass support and measured with a silver-coated AFM probe. The two Raman spectra...

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