Particle induced gamma emission

Particle-induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) in which nuclei are excited and gamma-rays are generated by the ion beam. 

PIGE particle-induced gamma-ray emission spectroscopy... 

Megaelectron volt (MeV) ion beam techniques offer a number of non-destructive analysis methods that allow to measure depth profiles of elemental concentrations in material surfaces. Elements are identified by elastic scattering, by specific nuclear reaction products or by emission of characteristic X-rays. With nuclear microprobes raster images of the material composition at the surface can be obtained. Particle-induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) is especially suited for fluorine detection down to the ppm concentration level. 

IPM can be used simultaneously with RBS (Rutherford backscattering spectrometry), NRA (nuclear reaction analysis), PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission) or PIGE (particle induced gamma ray emission). More specialized examples include the field ion microscope (FIM), which gives better then atomic resolution in the study of high melting point materials. 

Nuclear Reaction Analysis and Particle-Induced Gamma-Ray Emission... 

Particle-induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE) E, microprobe 50 ftm >10 ppm n.d. 10 /xm ... 

Another important characteristic is that ion beams can produce a variety of the secondary particles/photons such as secondary ions/atoms, electrons, positrons. X-rays, gamma rays, and so on, which enable us to use ion beams as analytical probes. Ion beam analyses are characterized by the respectively detected secondary species, such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), sputtered neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS), electron spectroscopy, particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), nuclear reaction analyses (NRA), positron emission tomography (PET), and so on. 

Charged particle-induced reactions, such as (p,n) and (p,a) reactions, yield radionuclides that are too rich in protons and consequently decay by positron (yS" ") emission or electron capture (EC), mostly followed by gamma (y) emission. Positrons are emitted with... 

See also Radiochemical Methods Gamma-Ray Spectrometry. Surface Analysis X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. X-Ray Absorption and Diffraction X-Ray Diffraction - Singie Crystal. X-Ray Fluorescence and Emission X-Ray Fluorescence Theory Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission Synchrotron X-Ray Fluorescence. 

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