Series and parallel hybrids

The control strategies for dual mode hybrid vehicles are a combination of those used for series and parallel hybrids. There are so many possible hardware arrangements and associated control strategies, it is not possible to summarize them in a simple manner as was the case for series and parallel hybrids. The objective of the dual mode operation is to use the... 

The fuel economy of series and parallel hybrid vehicles are compared in Table 3 for both the com-... 

Comparisons of the Fuel Economy for Series and Parallel Hybrid Vehicles (1) Fuel economy shown lor diesel engines is gasoline equivalent... 

Enova Systems [38] has developed and markets a suite of HybridPower drives and related power conversion and management components for series and parallel hybrid and... 

At the outset of 2011, Lexus launched an ambitious campaign to attract attention to what it called its full hybrid technology(as compared with mild hybrid) in its high-end RX models. A main feature of the full hybrid system, according to Lexus, is a combination of both series and parallel hybrid power in... 

In two further articles, Olteanu and Pavel (1996, 1997) combined the dissociation model ofDanek(1989) with the series and parallel models of Fellner (1984) and proposed sophisticated series-dissociation, parallel-dissociation, and series-parallel-dissociation hybrids. It should be pointed out that the small improvement in the fit with experimental data is attained by introducing further variables. The standard deviation of the fit, however, should always be compared with the experimental error of measurement. 

Hybrid thermal vehicles are more expensive than traditional vehicles, because they include more than one energy source on board. However, there are some components of traditional vehicles which are not required for hybrid vehicles and can be made some savings. For instance, in the series conhguration there is no need for the gear box because the electric drive regulates the motor speed electronically, transmission is simplihed and differential is useless if the motors are directly connected to the wheels. The starter can be eliminated in both series and parallel conhguration since electric machines do not need any specihc devices to start. Many hybrid vehicles are currently on the market and this sector is growing rapidly worldwide. 

Figure J6.4 Series hybrid (a) and parallel hybrid (b) for fuel-cell hybrid vehicle. Reproduced from [14].

Figure 5. Configuration of hybrid corona reactors (A) series and (B) parallel.

A car company wants to design a battery for their hybrid vehicle. The battery requirement for this system is 300 V with a nominal capacity of 3.0 kW hr. Suppose they have a 5 A hr cell at 2.0 V. (a) How many cells will be required to make the required battery (b) How many cells will be in series and how many in parallel (Bhardwaj)... 

The basic configurations for HTEVs aie the series hybrid and the parallel hybrid, which are shown in the Figs. 5.17 and 5.18, respectively [1]. In the series... 

General requirements. The attributes in Table 11.20 are typical for parallel hybrid applications, and the attributes in Table 11.21 are typical for series hybrid vehicles. 

Figure 36.12 gives an overview of series fuel-cell hybrids that fulfill these assumptions. In the first step, they are divided into two groups passive fuel-cell hybrids and active fuel-ceU hybrids. Active series hybrids may have between one and three DC-DC converters. In the case of two or three DC-DC converters, they can be arranged in a parallel fashion or in a cascade connection. 

FCVs are special as they have electrical power transmission, whereas a hybrid vehicle may be a combination of electrical and mechanical power transmission. Hybrid vehicles are further categorised as FCV with parallel hybrid power circuit and FCV with series hybrid power circuit as shown in Figs. 9.4 and 9.5, respectively. 

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