Paper physical forms

A surprisingly low concentration of water can reduce the viscosity such that reclaimed PET cannot be used for the blow molding of bottles with acceptable physical properties. The established solution to the moisture problem is to dry the recycled PET in special dryers prior to use. However, the drying process is both time and energy intensive. Paper labels can cause problems in PET recycling if they decompose during washing and removal. The paper fibers formed can produce cellulose fibers that are difficult to remove from the reprocessed PET.1... 

Smyth HDC, Garmise RJ, Cooney DJ, Zimmerer RO, Pipkin JD, Hickey AJ. Influence of physical form of Captisol particles on performance as a dry powder aerosol carrier. Paper presented at Respiratory Drug Delivery IX, Palm Desert, California, 2004. 

There is a fast growing number of Raman applications in the pharmaceutical industry reported in the literature. Still, the vast majority of these reports are on lab-based measurements for determination of physical form changes and fairly little is reported about the use of Raman in pharmaceutical manufacturing. In particular, the use of Raman in secondary manufacturing is quite uncommon. In this review we focus on papers published after year 2000. 

To document the basic operations of the computer system, a number of logbooks are required. The term logbook is used flexibly in this context. The actual physical form that the information takes is not the issue. What is necessary is the information that is required to demonstrate that the procedure actually occurred. The physical form of the log can be a bound notebook, a pro forma sheet, a database, or anything else that records the information needed, as long as security and integrity of the records (paper or electronic) are maintained. 

Results presented in this paper show that differences in the chemical composition of sewage sludge derived adsorbents lead to differences in their performance as adsorbents of acidic gases. It has been demonstrated that however some adsorption centers can be common for both gases, there are surface features on the sample pyrolized at 950 C which favor oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur. This is likely due to the catalytic action of the iron species. When adsorption of SOj takes part calcium species play a crucial role. Surface chemistry has also its effect on the physical form of sulfur deposited on the surface. It is either rhombic or monoclinic depending on the pyrolysis temperature and chemical changes imposed by heat treatment. 

Pellet Powder. A special grade of BlkPdr, of approx the same compn as Blasting Powder B (contains NaNOs instead of KNO3), but slightly modified by the addition of various ingredients to control the physical and expl properties. The powder is pressed into cylindrical pellets of approx 2" in length, from 1-1/8 to 2-1/2" in diameter, with perforations 3/8" in diameter. Two to four of these cylinders are wrapped in paraffined paper to form cartridges 4, 6 or 8"... 

This theme of the importance of overlayers on metal catalysts is taken further in the next paper, which forms a real bridge between surface physics and catalysis. 

To return to activated carbons, these can occur in very different physical forms granular (or particulate), powdered, fibrous, or even membrane (the latter can be either unsupported, or, more commonly, supported). These basic physical forms can be combined with binders and extruded to form pellets, monoliths, or even paper. All of these materials, which are very frequently used as adsorbents, differ significantly in shape, but not in their intrinsic nanotextural features. All of them are isotropic and have their BSUs randomly oriented. 

Except in the field of organometallic chemistry, there has been considerably less interest in lithium metal than in metallic sodium or potassium. One reason may be the previous lack of availability of lithium metal in physical forms suitable for laboratory-scale investigations. As these forms have become available within recent years, there has been an obvious increase in experimental work done with lithium metal. The first paper of record on organolithium chemistry was published in 1910 (33), and it was 7 years before a second paper appeared (25), Following these, a few papers appeared from time to time, but it was not until the early 30 s that extensive work was begun on lithium metal in organic systems. 

In order to prepare thin-film samples, the desired elements must usually be chemically or physically separated from the host compound. The elements being determined are collected in a physical form suitable for x-ray analysis using such methods as ion exchange, solvent extraction, or precipitation. Metallic ions, for example, may be collected on resin-loaded paper, which also serves as the mechanical support in the x-ray spectrometer. The absolute sensitivity for elements isolated from the host compound is 0.01 to 1 /ug analysis of elements present in trace concentrations is possible with this preconcentration approach, if the total sample size is sufficiently large. 

The flotation test is a rough method to identify plastics since results are dependent on the physical form of the material. Foams contain cells filled with air, so their densities will be lower than a solid block of identical dimensions of the same type of plastic. Water-sensitive or absorbent fillers such as paper... 

In this paper, physical and gas transport properties of HBPIs synthesized with various dianhydride monomers and their silica hybrid membranes prepared by sol-gel reaction with two kinds of alkoxysilanes, TMOS and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), individually or simultaneously, are discussed. The methyl group of MTMS will prevent the formation of robust three-dimensional Si-O-Si network in the hybrid membranes. It is expected that the loose Si-O-Si network formed from MTMS induces unique physical and gas transport properties of the hybrid membranes. 

Most synthetic polymers generate about twice as much heat per unit weight as wood, paper, or cotton cloth. In the four NFPA commodity classes, polymers are divided into three groups according to their burning rates. Unless noted otherwise, the list below refers to unmodified polymers. Burning rates can be influenced by physical form and the use of flame retardants. 

The relationship between the chemical structure of polymeric adhesives and their physical structure, physical properties, and performance characteristics have interested scientists for many years. The very complex nature of these relationships have, however, resulted in a lack of broad generalizations about structure-property relationships instead, a myriad of technical papers have been published about the work done on specific systems of adhesives and adherends. These papers now form a large part of the adhesives literature yet many of the questions basic to the design of satisfactory adhesives remain unsolved. The relationships developed for a given series of adhesives seldom apply to another series directly. Thus further experimentation is always needed to optimize formulations and compositions of adhesive products. The objective of the papers in this session is to examine several relationships of molecular structure to properties of several systems of polymeric adhesives which are important in today s technology. 

Nature of the substance to be dried. The substance may be a rigid solid such as wood or fiberboard, a flexible material such as cloth or paper, a granular solid such as a mass of crystals, a thick paste or a thin slurry, or a solution. If it is a solid, it may be fragile or sturdy. The physical form of the substance and the diverse methods of handling necessarily have perhaps the greatest influence on the type of drier used. 

Disintegration the degradation on a visual, physical level. The test item must physically fall apart and disintegrate into invisible particles. The physical form of the test item is essential and typically materials will be approved until a certain thickness (plastics) or a certain weight per surface (paper materials). 

The physical form of the catalogue is also subject to variations. The usual form consists of cards 5 x 3 in size which are filed in special drawers, but a less common method is to duplicate the entries on slips of paper which are then placed in special holders known as sheaf cases. 

An adhesive may be defined as a material which when applied to surfaces of materials can join them together and resist separation. Adhesive is the general term and includes cement, glue, paste, etc. and these terms are all used essentially interchangeably. Various descriptive adjectives are often applied to indicate certain characteristics. For example, to indicate the physical form of the adhesive, e.g. liquid adhesive, liquid two-part adhesive, film adhesive its chemical form, e.g. epoxy adhesive, cyanoacrylate adhesive, polychloroprene adhesive to indicate the type of materials bonded, e.g. metahto-metal adhesive, paper adhesive, wood adhesive or to show the conditions of use, e.g. solvent based adhesive, cold-hardening, or -curing, adhesive, hot-melt adhesive. 

All of the examples cited above have been specific to the chemistry of the substrate but the physical form can also have an effect, in particular porosity. Some adhesives are aqueous suspensions, e.g., polyvinyl acetates (PVAs), and others rely upon adsorbed moisture or ease of moisture transport to the bond-line for cure to occur, examples being single part polyurethanes and silicones. In the case of PVA usage, it is important for either one or both of the substrates to be porous in nature, e.g., wood, paper, masonry, etc. 

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