Paper laminating process

Thus, any laminate may consist of plies selected from paper, polyester, numerous other plastic films, foils, coatings, adhesive layers, metalization, etc. The choice of laminate structure is usually governed by technical requirements, cost of base materials, cost of lamination processes, cost of printing cylinder and process, and the amount of laminate required (quantity), the yield from which the cost per area of laminate is derived. 

Integration of the active-matrix backplane and the electronic ink frontplane is a simple lamination process at a low temperature. After lamination the final stage of display processing is removal of the display from its rigid support. This support can then be re-used in the fabrication process. The cross-section of the complete stack of the Tollable active-matrix display is shown in Fig. 14.11. The complete display is only 100 pm thick, which is the same thickness as a normal piece of paper. 

Cellulose Ethers and Polymerisates cellulose and emulsion powders for coatings, mortars, building materials, insulation, adhesives, and tin for the pharmaceutical and food industries. Polyvinyl alcohol/butyral for adhesives, paper, textile processing, inks, paints and laminated glass. 

RPs are usually applied as laminates of several layers. Many variables are important in determining the performance of the finished product. Some of the important ones are orientation of plies of the laminate, type of plastic, fiber-plastic ratio, type or types of fibers, and directional orientation of fibers (Chapter 7). Nonwoven fabrics are fibrous sheets made without spinning, weaving, or knitting. They include felts, bonded short to long fiber febrics, and papers. The interlocking of fibers is achieved by a combination of mechanical work, chemical action, moisture, and heat by either textile or paper malting processes. 

Soybean (Glycine soja) meal Vinyl acetate Vinyl acetate/ethylene/vinyl chloride terpolymer Vinyl acrylic copolymer binder, paper coatings/sizing Alginic acid binder, paper laminates Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether binder, paper processing Meroxapol 105 Meroxapol 108 Meroxapol 171 Meroxapol 172 Meroxapol 174 Meroxapol 178 Meroxapol 251 Meroxapol 252 Meroxapol 254 Meroxapol 255 Meroxapol 258 Meroxapol 311 Meroxapol 312 Meroxapol 314 binder, paper sizing... 

Atactic (amorphous) polypropylene is a popnlar plasticizer in many applications, such as modified bitumen roofing, paper lamination, adhesives and sealants, asphalt pavement modification, wire and cable, carpet, tiles, films, and antomotive products. In some applications, plasticizers are nsed in polypropylene processing ... 

PBS is a typical thermoplastic and can be processed via various methods, such as extrusion, injection molding, film blowing, fiber spinning, and thermoforming. It has been reported that PBS can be processed into melt-blown, multifilament, monofilament, nonwoven, flat and split yarn, injection-molded products, film, paper laminate, sheet, and tape for applications in the textile and plastic industries. 

For the purposes of this book, only those processes for which polyester resins and, to a limited extent, epoxide resins are used will be described. It should be noted, however, that the decorative laminates used in building and transport applications are in the main manufactured from melamine faced phenolic resin/paper laminates. 

The laminating process takes aluminum foil, paper, or cloth and coats it with melted resin. This process is similar to building a sandwich. Examples of laminated products include motherboards and electronic circuits. 

The greatest quantity of CA was used in the lamination of paper, starting around 1934 (Kimberly and Scribner, 1934). The heat-lamination process involves heating and pressing the paper between two sheets of CA so that the polymer flows into the paper. The degree of substitution, the molecular weight, the purity of the CA, the type and amount of plasticizer, the stabilizers used and the temperatures and pressures employed have been specified (Wilson and Forshee, 1959). Thin tissue was incorporated into the lamination by some... 

Preferably components made from paper and plastic, but also metal and ceramics, can be manufactured with the layer laminate process. Sheet products can be pur-... 

Phenolic resins have been successfully applied in the manufacturing of electronics materials, decorative laminates, filters, and tubes. The resin easily penetrates papers of various kinds because of the hydrophilic nature of the resins. Most laminating processes make use of resole... 

Lignin also is commercially used as a resin for paper laminates. Its low cost and availability as a by-product in pulp manufacture make it attractive. One of the most successful products is made with lignin recovered from the spent liquor of the soda pulping process. The lignin may be added to the pulp suspension in solution and precipitated directly among the fibers, or added in a preprecipitated form. 

The most commonly used reinforcement for high pressure decorative and industrial laminates is paper (qv). The strong substrate layers, or filler, are kraft paper. Kraft is a brown paper made from a sulfate pulp process (8). It consists of both short cellulose fibers from hardwoods and long fibers from conifers. The long fibers impart most of the wet strength required for resin saturation processes. 

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