Pancreas, damage

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS central nervous system depression pancreas damage damage to lungs, kidneys, and liver effects on blood system. 

SY Irrit eyes, skin, muc memb CNS effects conf, depres, resp fail dysp, irreg rapid resp, weak pulse eye, skin burns derm lung, liver, kidney, pancreas damage TO Eyes, skin, resp sys, CNS, liver, kidneys, pancreas, CVS... 

Phenol. Phenol monomer is highly toxic and absorption by the skin can cause severe blistering. Large quantities can cause paralysis of the central nervous system and death. Ingestion of minor amounts may damage kidneys, Hver, and pancreas. Inhalation can cause headaches, dizziness, vomiting, and heart failure. The threshold limit value (TLV) for phenol is 5 ppm. The health and environmental risks of phenol and alkylated phenols, such as cresols and butylphenols, have been reviewed (66). 

The commonest causes of obstructive (posthepatic) jaundice are cancer of the head of the pancreas and a gallstone lodged in the common bile duct. The presence of bilirubin in the urine is sometimes referred to as choluria—therefore, hepatitis and obstruction of the common bile duct cause choluric Jaundice, whereas the Jaundice of hemolytic anemia is referred to as acholuric. The laboratory results in patients with hepatitis are variable, depending on the extent of damage to parenchymal cells and the extent of micro-obstruction to bile ductules. Serum levels of ALT and AST are usually markedly elevated in hepatitis, whereas serum levels of alkaline phosphatase are elevated in obstructive liver disease. 

Ethanol abuse may cause precipitation of pancreatic enzymes in the ducts of the pancreas leading to chronic inflammation and damage. Ethanol itself may be directly toxic to the pancreatic cells. Gallstones may obstruct the ampulla of Vater causing pancreatic enzymes or bile to move in a retrograde fashion into the pancreas.1... 

Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory process that occurs over a long period of time. The inflammation damages the enzyme-producing cells in the pancreas and can also disrupt or destroy the endocrine function of the pancreas by causing diffuse... 

Pancreatic juice neutralizes the acidic chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach. Neutralization not only prevents damage to the duodenal mucosa, but also creates a neutral or slightly alkaline environment optimal for the function of pancreatic enzymes. The pancreas also secretes several enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. 

The clinical presentation depends on the severity of the inflammatory process and whether damage is confined to the pancreas or involves contiguous organs. 

An excess of zinc will cause problems in humans. Excessive doses can lead to biochemical control system damage, while doses slightly higher than optimal can cause disorders in iron and copper metabolism, resulting in incurable anemia, decrease in activity of zinc protein enzymes, and pancreas and kidney damage (Boularbah et ah, 1999 Seiler et ah, 1994). Increased levels of zinc have been observed in nuclei of neoplastic cells and in cases of acute dental caries, however its role in these diseases has not been explained. 

Many sites of exposure to bile in the body are associated with the development of cancer, e.g. the oesophagus, gallbladder and bile duct, pancreas, small intestine and colon (reviewed in ref. 2). One explanation for increased cancer at these sites could be that bile acids stimulate carcinogenesis via DNA-damaging effects. This chapter provides an overview of research conducted in relation to establishing the genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of bile acids. 

Cyberpunk science fiction drizzles in coercive pharmacotherapy. In the quintessential cyberpunk novel, Neuromancer ] 984) an addiction" to cyberspace becomes the target not of government, but corporate retributive malice. The protagonist has his delicate nervous system damaged with the forced application of a Russian mycotoxin to punish him for data thievery. As a condition of employment, his pancreas is replaced and his liver is blocked so that he cannot experience the effects of amphetamines. 

Coskun O, Kanter M, Korkmaz A, Oter S. (2005) Quercetin, a flavonoid antioxidant, prevents and protects streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and beta-cell damage in rat pancreas. Pharmacol Res 51 117-123. 

Ethanol Multiple effects on neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, and signaling pathways Antidote in methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning Zero-order metabolism duration depends on dose Toxicity Acutely, CNS depression and respiratory failure chronically, damage to many systems, including liver, pancreas, GI tract, and central and peripheral nervous systems Interactions Induces CYP2E1 Increased conversion of acetaminophen to toxic metabolite... 

After pancreas transplantation with bladder damage, up to 10 to 12 tablets per day are necessary to prevent metabolic acidosis. Monitor CO levels. 

The compounds alloxan and streptozotocin both specifically damage the pancreas and are used experimentally to induce diabetes. It is the 3 cells that are particularly susceptible to these two compounds. 

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